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Related Concept Videos

Optimization Problems01:26

Optimization Problems

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Optimization problems often involve identifying maximum or minimum values under specific constraints. A well-known example is determining the longest horizontal pipe that can be moved around a right-angled corner, where a 3-meter-wide hallway meets a 2-meter-wide hallway. This scenario, common in architectural design and industrial transport, can be understood conceptually through geometric and trigonometric reasoning.To visualize the problem, consider the pipe as a straight line that touches...
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Endoscopic Procedures II: Colonoscopy01:25

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The colon, or large intestine, is the final segment of the digestive system. Its primary functions include absorbing water and vitamins produced by gut bacteria and transforming waste from liquid to solid to form stool. In adults, the large intestine is approximately 5 feet long and consists of four main sections:
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This lesson explores three gastrointestinal imaging techniques: radionuclide testing, colonic transit studies, and virtual colonoscopy.
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Optimal Arousal Theory01:23

Optimal Arousal Theory

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The optimal arousal theory suggests that performance is maximized when an individual experiences a moderate level of arousal. This theory is closely tied to the Yerkes-Dodson law, which illustrates an inverted U-shaped relationship between arousal and performance. The law, formulated by psychologists Robert Yerkes and John Dodson, implies an ideal arousal level for optimal performance, and deviations from this level can lead to declines in effectiveness.
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Genetic Screens02:46

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Genetic screens are tools used to identify genes and mutations responsible for phenotypes of interest. Genetic screens help identify individuals or a group of people at risk of developing  genetic diseases and help them with early intervention, targeted therapy, and reproductive options.
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Updated: Feb 7, 2026

Structured Approach to Colonoscopy Technique Optimization: A Single-Center Experience with Novice Endoscopists
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Structured Approach to Colonoscopy Technique Optimization: A Single-Center Experience with Novice Endoscopists

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How can screening colonoscopy be optimized?

Elisabeth Waldmann1, Jaroslaw Regula, Monika Ferlitsch

  • 1Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.

Digestive Diseases (Basel, Switzerland)
|December 23, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Colorectal cancer screening adherence is low, with fecal occult blood tests (FOBT) and endoscopy showing different acceptance and effectiveness. Endoscopy offers higher sensitivity for precancerous lesions but requires high quality due to invasiveness.

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Gastroenterology
  • Preventive Medicine

Background:

  • Colorectal cancer (CRC) incidence and mortality are declining due to screening programs.
  • Adherence to CRC screening remains low globally.
  • Divergence exists in preferred screening tool selection.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and compare various colorectal cancer screening tools.
  • To highlight the trade-offs between different screening modalities.
  • To emphasize quality requirements for endoscopic screening.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative analysis of screening tests: guaiac fecal occult blood test (gFOBT), immunohistochemical FOBT (iFOBT), endoscopy (colonoscopy, sigmoidoscopy).
  • Evaluation of sensitivity, specificity, acceptance, cost, and safety.
  • Discussion of alternative tools like CT colonography and stool DNA tests.

Main Results:

  • FOBT (gFOBT, iFOBT) show higher acceptance than endoscopy but lower sensitivity for premalignant lesions.
  • iFOBT has higher sensitivity and specificity than gFOBT, but gFOBT is more cost-effective.
  • Endoscopic screening provides superior sensitivity and allows for simultaneous diagnosis and therapy, necessitating stringent quality control.

Conclusions:

  • Endoscopic screening offers the highest sensitivity for premalignant lesions and therapeutic capabilities.
  • High-quality standards, including equipment, expertise, and safety protocols, are crucial for invasive endoscopic procedures.
  • Currently, alternative screening methods have not been widely adopted for routine use.