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Related Concept Videos

Assessment of the Rectum and Anus01:25

Assessment of the Rectum and Anus

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Evaluating the rectum and anus plays a crucial role in conducting a thorough physical examination of the gastrointestinal system. Although it may be uncomfortable and often embarrassing for the patient, it holds immense diagnostic value, particularly in detecting gastrointestinal diseases and abnormalities. This guide will explain how to perform this assessment using inspection and palpation methods.
Rectal Inspection
Begin by inspecting the perianal and anal areas for color, texture, rashes,...
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Endoscopic Procedures II: Colonoscopy01:25

Endoscopic Procedures II: Colonoscopy

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The colon, or large intestine, is the final segment of the digestive system. Its primary functions include absorbing water and vitamins produced by gut bacteria and transforming waste from liquid to solid to form stool. In adults, the large intestine is approximately 5 feet long and consists of four main sections:
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Diverticular Disease of the Colon01:27

Diverticular Disease of the Colon

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Diverticular disease involves the formation of diverticula—small sac-like outpouchings of the colonic wall—and their complications. It most commonly affects the sigmoid colon due to higher intraluminal pressure and structural vulnerability. It results from structural weakness and increased pressure in the colon, producing pseudodiverticula that may remain silent or progress to inflammation and serious complications.Structure of DiverticulaIn diverticulosis, these outpouchings are...
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Imaging Studies III: Gastrointestinal Motility Studies and Virtual Colonoscopy01:26

Imaging Studies III: Gastrointestinal Motility Studies and Virtual Colonoscopy

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This lesson explores three gastrointestinal imaging techniques: radionuclide testing, colonic transit studies, and virtual colonoscopy.
Radionuclide Testing
Radionuclide testing is a sophisticated medical technique for assessing gastrointestinal motility. It focuses on gastric emptying and colonic transit time. Radioactive markers track the movement of food through the digestive system, providing insights into gastrointestinal disorders.
In gastric emptying studies, a meal's liquid and...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 19, 2026

Competing-Risk Nomogram for Predicting Cancer-Specific Survival in Multiple Primary Colorectal Cancer Patients after Surgery
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Small colorectal polyps.

Rainer Schoefl1, Alexander Ziachehabi, Friedrich Wewalka

  • 1Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Metabolism, Nutrition and Endocrinology, Krankenhaus der Elisabethinen Linz, Linz, Austria.

Digestive Diseases (Basel, Switzerland)
|December 23, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Removing small or diminutive polyps during endoscopy may not always be necessary. Advanced endoscopic techniques show promise in identifying benign polyps, potentially saving time and resources for more complex cases.

Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Endoscopic procedures
  • Colorectal cancer screening

Background:

  • Small (<10 mm) and diminutive (<6 mm) polyps have a low risk (0.3-5%) of high-grade dysplasia or cancer.
  • Current guidelines recommend removal of all polyps, regardless of size or suspected histology.
  • Advanced endoscopic visualization may allow for selective polyp management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the feasibility of distinguishing between hyperplastic and adenomatous polyps using modern endoscopic technology.
  • To assess the potential for a 'do not resect' or 'cut and discard' strategy for diminutive and small polyps, respectively.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing high-definition white-light endoscopy and virtual chromoendoscopy for visual characterization of polyps.
  • Comparing the accuracy of experienced endoscopists versus less experienced ones in polyp differentiation.

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  • Assessing the efficacy and safety of cold snare polypectomy for small polyp removal.

    • Main Results:

    • Expert endoscopists achieved >90% accuracy in distinguishing hyperplastic from adenomatous pathology using advanced techniques.
    • Accuracy rates were lower for less experienced endoscopists, indicating a learning curve.
    • Cold snare polypectomy is a safe and effective method for removing small polyps.

    Conclusions:

    • Visual characterization with advanced endoscopy could enable selective management of diminutive and small polyps.
    • A 'do not resect' strategy for diminutive polyps and 'cut and discard' for small polyps may be viable in the future.
    • Wider adoption requires further experience and standardization, especially for less experienced endoscopists.