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Obstacle optimization for panic flow--reducing the tangential momentum increases the escape speed.

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Optimizing crowd flow during emergencies is crucial. Placing pillars beside exits, not in front, significantly enhances escape efficiency, a finding supported by simulations and human experiments.

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Area of Science:

  • Crowd dynamics
  • Architectural design
  • Human behavior

Background:

  • Stampedes pose significant risks in large gatherings.
  • Previous research explored obstacles to improve crowd outflow.
  • Optimizing exit strategies for mass pedestrian events remains a challenge.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop an optimized architectural design for crowd management.
  • To investigate the impact of obstacle placement on escape efficiency.
  • To identify key factors influencing pedestrian flow during panic situations.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a social force-based genetic algorithm for design optimization.
  • Conducted simulations to test various pillar placements.
  • Performed human experiments with 80 participants to validate simulation findings.

Main Results:

  • Placing two pillars on the sides of an exit, rather than in front, maximizes escape efficiency.
  • Simulation results were corroborated by human experimental data.
  • A negative correlation was observed between escape speed and tangential momentum.

Conclusions:

  • Architectural modifications, specifically pillar placement, can significantly improve crowd safety.
  • Reducing tangential momentum is a key strategy for enhancing pedestrian flow.
  • Findings offer practical implications for designing safer public spaces and event venues.