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Natural selection influences the frequencies of particular alleles and phenotypes within populations in several different ways. Primarily, natural selection can be directional, stabilizing, or disruptive. Directional selection favors one extreme trait and shifts the population towards that phenotype while selecting against individuals displaying alternate traits. Stabilizing selection favors an intermediate trait with a narrow range of variation. Deviation from the optimal phenotype towards an...
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Often, psychologists develop surveys as a means of gathering data. Surveys are lists of questions to be answered by research participants, and can be delivered as paper-and-pencil questionnaires, administered electronically, or conducted verbally. Generally, the survey itself can be completed in a short time, and the ease of administering a survey makes it easy to collect data from a large number of people.
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Sampling is a technique to select a portion (or subset) of the larger population and study that portion (the sample) to gain information about the population. Data are the result of sampling from a population. The sampling method ensures that samples are drawn without bias and accurately represent the population. Because measuring the entire population in a study is not practical, researchers use samples to represent the population of interest. Among the various sampling methods used by...
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When the fitness of a trait is influenced by how common it is (i.e., its frequency) relative to different traits within a population, this is referred to as frequency-dependent selection. Frequency-dependent selection may occur between species or within a single species. This type of selection can either be positive—with more common phenotypes having higher fitness—or negative, with rarer phenotypes conferring increased fitness.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 19, 2026

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Selecting medical students: An unresolved challenge.

David Powis1

  • 1The University of Newcastle , Australia.

Medical Teacher
|December 24, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Medical school admissions should shift focus from academic excellence to identifying unsuitable candidates based on non-academic qualities. This approach aims to improve doctor selection and end recurring debates in admissions.

Area of Science:

  • Medical Education
  • Admissions Strategy
  • Healthcare Professional Development

Background:

  • Medical school admissions face ongoing debate regarding selection effectiveness.
  • Current selection processes prioritize academic qualifications, yet concerns persist about suitability.
  • Despite a pool of academically strong applicants, admissions committees are perceived to make suboptimal choices.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the challenges in current medical student selection processes.
  • To propose a revised selection strategy focusing on identifying non-academic deficiencies.
  • To re-evaluate a previously suggested but unadopted solution for medical admissions.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of existing literature on medical school admissions.

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  • Critique of traditional academic-focused selection criteria.
  • Examination of the potential impact of non-academic personal qualities in medical practice.

    • Main Results:

    • Current selection methods, focused on academic merit, may not adequately predict future physician performance.
    • A significant number of admissions committees may be selecting candidates who are academically qualified but personally unsuitable.
    • A shift in selection emphasis towards identifying potentially unsuitable candidates is proposed.

    Conclusions:

    • The recurring debate in medical admissions suggests current practices are flawed.
    • Focusing on excluding candidates with undesirable non-academic qualities could improve selection outcomes.
    • Adopting a strategy to identify and reject unsuitable applicants, rather than solely selecting the academically best, is crucial for future medical workforce quality.