An update on 2,5-diketopiperazines from marine organisms

Area of Science:

• Marine Natural Products Chemistry
• Medicinal Chemistry
• Biotechnology

Background:

• 2,5-Diketopiperazines (2,5-DKPs) are cyclic dipeptides with diverse structures and significant biological activities.
• Marine organisms are a rich source of novel 2,5-DKPs.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review marine-derived 2,5-DKPs reported from 2009 to mid-2014.
• To detail the structure characterization, biological properties, and biosynthetic pathways of these compounds.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of scientific publications from 2009 to mid-2014.
• Analysis of reported structures, biological activities, and proposed biosynthetic pathways.

Main Results:

• Compilation of 90 marine-derived 2,5-DKPs.
• Summary of structural diversity and reported biological properties.
• Overview of proposed biosynthetic routes.

Conclusions:

• Marine 2,5-DKPs represent a significant class of bioactive natural products.
• Further research into their structures, properties, and biosynthesis is warranted.
• Marine environments continue to be a promising source for novel drug discovery.