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Related Concept Videos

Overview of Transposition and Recombination02:13

Overview of Transposition and Recombination

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Transposons make up a significant part of genomes of various organisms. Therefore, it is believed that transposition played a major evolutionary role in speciation by changing genome sizes and modifying gene expression patterns. For example, in bacteria, transposition can lead to conferring antibiotic resistance. Movement of transposable elements within the genetic pool of pathogenic bacteria can aid in transfer of antibiotic-resistant genetic elements. In eukaryotes, transposons can carry out...
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DNA-only Transposons02:57

DNA-only Transposons

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DNA-only transposons are called autonomous transposons since they code for the enzyme transposase that is required for the transposition mechanism. Insertion of transposons can alter gene functions in multiple ways. They can mutate the gene, alter gene expression by introducing a novel promoter or insulator sequence, introduce new splice sites, and change the mRNA transcripts produced, or remodel chromatin structure.
The donor site from where the transposon is excised is either degraded or...
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LTR Retrotransposons03:08

LTR Retrotransposons

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LTR retrotransposons are class I transposable elements with long terminal repeats flanking an internal coding region. These elements are less abundant in mammals compared to other class I transposable elements. About 8 percent of human genomic DNA comprises LTR retrotransposons. Some of the common examples of LTR retrotransposons are Ty elements in yeast and Copia elements in Drosophila.
The internal coding region of LTR retrotransposons and their mechanism of transposition closely resembles a...
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Energy to Drive Translocation01:37

Energy to Drive Translocation

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Mitochondrial protein import is powered by two distinct energy sources: ATP hydrolysis and electrochemical potential across the inner membrane. Newly synthesized precursors are bound by cytosolic chaperones of the Hsp70 family, which guide them to the import receptors on the mitochondrial surface. Utilizing the energy of ATP hydrolysis, Hsp70 chaperones transfer these precursors to the TOM receptors on the mitochondrial outer membrane.
Generally, polypeptides are unfolded by two distinct...
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Protein Transport into the Inner Mitochondrial Membrane01:34

Protein Transport into the Inner Mitochondrial Membrane

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Nuclear encoded mitochondrial precursors are imported to the inner membrane in a multistep process involving two separate translocons, TIM22 and TIM23. TIM23 is a cation-selective pore that remains closed by the N terminal segment of the protein. Negative charges on the TIM23 act as a receptor for the incoming precursor, pulling the positively charged matrix-targeting sequence for peptide insertion and translocation.
Transport of mitochondrial precursors across the TIM23 channel is driven by...
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Transposons01:24

Transposons

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Transposons, or "jumping genes," are small mobile genetic elements (MGEs) that range from 700 to 40,000 base pairs in length. They are found in all organisms and can move within the same chromosome or transfer to different chromosomes. In some cases, transposons can also jump between different host DNA molecules, such as plasmids or viruses, contributing to genetic variability.Barbara McClintock first discovered these mobile genetic elements in the 1940s while studying maize genetics, and she...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 2, 2026

Generation of Enterobacter sp. YSU Auxotrophs Using Transposon Mutagenesis
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Generation of Enterobacter sp. YSU Auxotrophs Using Transposon Mutagenesis

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Intramolecular transposition by Tn10.

H W Benjamin1, N Kleckner

  • 1Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138.

Cell
|October 20, 1989
PubMed
Summary

Transposon Tn10 forms circular DNA products through intramolecular transposition. Unrepaired junctions suggest specific protein protection mechanisms are involved in this nonreplicative process.

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Microbiology

Background:

  • Transposons are mobile genetic elements that can change their position within a genome.
  • Transposon Tn10 is a well-studied example known for its transposition mechanism.
  • Understanding transposition is crucial for gene regulation and genome stability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the mechanism behind the formation of circular DNA products by Transposon Tn10.
  • To investigate the molecular details of the strand cleavage and ligation events during intramolecular transposition.
  • To identify factors contributing to the nonreplicative nature of Tn10 transposition.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of circular DNA products generated by Transposon Tn10.
  • Characterization of transposon/target junctions using a model of DNA cleavage and ligation.

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Generating Transposon Insertion Libraries in Gram-Negative Bacteria for High-Throughput Sequencing

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Real-Time Quantification of the Effects of IS200/IS605 Family-Associated TnpB on Transposon Activity
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Real-Time Quantification of the Effects of IS200/IS605 Family-Associated TnpB on Transposon Activity

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Generation of Enterobacter sp. YSU Auxotrophs Using Transposon Mutagenesis

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Generating Transposon Insertion Libraries in Gram-Negative Bacteria for High-Throughput Sequencing
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Real-Time Quantification of the Effects of IS200/IS605 Family-Associated TnpB on Transposon Activity
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  • Investigation of protein-DNA interactions at strand transfer junctions.

    • Main Results:

    • Circular products arise from intramolecular transposition with unrepaired transposon/target junctions.
    • A model involving staggered nicks in target DNA and cleavage at transposon termini accurately predicts junction structures.
    • Unligated junctions are stabilized, suggesting protection by transposase and/or host proteins.

    Conclusions:

    • The nonreplicative nature of Tn10 transposition is influenced by the separation of the nontransferred transposon strand.
    • Protein-DNA complexes at strand transfer junctions play a critical role in determining transposition outcome.
    • Tn10 transposition involves precise DNA cleavage and ligation, followed by protein-mediated stabilization of intermediates.