Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Adrenergic Agonists: Chemistry and Structure-Activity Relationship01:16

Adrenergic Agonists: Chemistry and Structure-Activity Relationship

4.2K
Adrenergic agonists' structure-activity relationship (SAR) determines their selectivity and efficacy. These agonists comprise a phenylethylamine moiety with an aromatic ring and an ethylamine side chain.
Aromatic ring substitutions: Substituting the aromatic ring with –OH groups at positions 3 and 4 yields catecholamines (e.g., epinephrine), which have a high affinity for adrenoceptors. Hydrogen bonding between –OH groups and receptors enhances adrenergic activity.
Separation of...
4.2K
Drug-Receptor Interactions01:29

Drug-Receptor Interactions

8.6K
Drug-receptor interaction describes the binding of receptors by drugs, but not all drug-receptor interactions result in activation and tissue response. For instance, the binding of agonists activates the receptor to generate a cellular reaction, while antagonists bind to receptors without causing their activation.
Several parameters, such as the drug's affinity for its receptor and its efficacy, which is its ability to activate the receptor, determine the drug's effect on the tissue....
8.6K
Drug-Receptor Interaction: Agonist01:25

Drug-Receptor Interaction: Agonist

4.9K
Agonists are drugs that interact with specific receptors in the body to produce a biological response. When an agonist binds to a receptor, it activates or enhances the receptor's function, leading to physiological effects. The interaction between agonist drugs and receptors is crucial for their therapeutic action in various medical treatments.
Agonists can bind to receptors in different ways. Some agonists bind directly to the receptor's active site, mimicking the endogenous...
4.9K
The Two-State Receptor Model01:29

The Two-State Receptor Model

3.6K
The two-state receptor model explains a drug's interaction with receptors, such as G protein-coupled receptors and ligand-gated ion channels, to induce or inhibit a biological response. When no natural ligands are present, a receptor exists in an equilibrium of inactive (Ri) and active (Ra) conformations. The inactive form does not produce a response, while the active form generates a basal effect known as constitutive activity.
The binding affinity of a drug determines its interaction with...
3.6K
G Protein-coupled Receptors01:15

G Protein-coupled Receptors

20.2K
G Protein-Coupled Receptors or GPCRs are membrane-bound receptors that transiently associate with heterotrimeric G proteins and induce an appropriate response to sensory stimuli such as light, odors, hormones, cytokines, or neurotransmitters.
GPCRs are also called heptahelical, 7TM, or serpentine receptors, and consist of seven (H1-H7) transmembrane alpha-helices that span the bilayer to form a cylindrical core. The transmembrane helices are connected by three extracellular loops and three...
20.2K
Drugs Affecting Neurotransmitter Synthesis01:29

Drugs Affecting Neurotransmitter Synthesis

2.6K
Drugs affecting neurotransmitter synthesis can impact the adrenergic neuron and the synthesis of neurotransmitters. For example, α-methyltyrosine and carbidopa target specific enzymes involved in catecholamine synthesis. α-methyltyrosine inhibits the enzyme tyrosine hydroxylase, which converts tyrosine into dopamine. By blocking this enzyme, α-methyltyrosine reduces dopamine production and other catecholamines. Carbidopa, on the other hand, inhibits the enzyme dopa decarboxylase,...
2.6K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

LRRK2 Mutation Alters Dopamine D2 Receptor Localization in Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells-Derived Astrocytes From Parkinson's Disease Patients: Implications for Neuronal Damage.

Journal of neurochemistry·2026
Same author

A single-center prospective observational study evaluating the efficacy and safety of tirbanibulin 1% in actinic keratoses in immunosuppressed patients: the ESTIMATE study.

Journal der Deutschen Dermatologischen Gesellschaft = Journal of the German Society of Dermatology : JDDG·2026
Same author

A viroid-like RNA can be transmitted among different <i>Trichoderma</i> species affecting their antagonistic capacity.

mBio·2026
Same author

Longitudinal Response Trajectories with Dupilumab or Upadacitinib in Moderate-to-Severe Atopic Dermatitis: A Multicentre Real-World Study: IL-AD (Italian Landscape Atopic Dermatitis).

Dermatology and therapy·2026
Same author

A mycovirus-encoded homologue of plant viral movement proteins is not functional in movement complementation assays in plants.

Virus research·2026
Same author

Selective IL-23 Inhibition in Conventional Treatment-Refractory Pyoderma Gangrenosum: A Multicenter, Retrospective Study.

International journal of dermatology·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 19, 2026

Identification of Dopamine D1-Alpha Receptor Within Rodent Nucleus Accumbens by an Innovative RNA In Situ Detection Technology
07:25

Identification of Dopamine D1-Alpha Receptor Within Rodent Nucleus Accumbens by an Innovative RNA In Situ Detection Technology

Published on: March 27, 2018

9.1K

The D3 dopamine receptor: From structural interactions to function.

Chiara Fiorentini1, Paola Savoia1, Federica Bono1

  • 1Section of Pharmacology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25123 Brescia, Italy.

European Neuropsychopharmacology : the Journal of the European College of Neuropsychopharmacology
|December 24, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Dopamine D3 receptors (D3R) show novel neuroprotective roles and interact with D1 receptors. This D1R-D3R heteromer offers a potential drug target for schizophrenia and motor disorders.

Keywords:
HeterodimerizationL-DOPA-induced dyskinesiaNeurodegeneration

More Related Videos

Assessment of Dopaminergic Homeostasis in Mice by Use of High-performance Liquid Chromatography Analysis and Synaptosomal Dopamine Uptake
11:26

Assessment of Dopaminergic Homeostasis in Mice by Use of High-performance Liquid Chromatography Analysis and Synaptosomal Dopamine Uptake

Published on: September 21, 2017

13.2K
A Plate-Based Assay for the Measurement of Endogenous Monoamine Release in Acute Brain Slices
07:56

A Plate-Based Assay for the Measurement of Endogenous Monoamine Release in Acute Brain Slices

Published on: August 11, 2021

3.9K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 19, 2026

Identification of Dopamine D1-Alpha Receptor Within Rodent Nucleus Accumbens by an Innovative RNA In Situ Detection Technology
07:25

Identification of Dopamine D1-Alpha Receptor Within Rodent Nucleus Accumbens by an Innovative RNA In Situ Detection Technology

Published on: March 27, 2018

9.1K
Assessment of Dopaminergic Homeostasis in Mice by Use of High-performance Liquid Chromatography Analysis and Synaptosomal Dopamine Uptake
11:26

Assessment of Dopaminergic Homeostasis in Mice by Use of High-performance Liquid Chromatography Analysis and Synaptosomal Dopamine Uptake

Published on: September 21, 2017

13.2K
A Plate-Based Assay for the Measurement of Endogenous Monoamine Release in Acute Brain Slices
07:56

A Plate-Based Assay for the Measurement of Endogenous Monoamine Release in Acute Brain Slices

Published on: August 11, 2021

3.9K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Molecular Biology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Dopamine D3 receptors (D3R) traditionally function as autoreceptors inhibiting dopamine release.
  • Emerging evidence suggests D3R also mediate neurotrophic and neuroprotective effects on dopamine neurons.
  • D3R localization at postsynaptic sites implicates them in movement and psychiatric disorders.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize the functional and physical interactions of D3R with other receptors.
  • To highlight the discovery of D3R heteromers and their implications for brain function and dysfunction.
  • To discuss the D1R-D3R heteromer as a potential therapeutic target.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on D3R structure and function.
  • Analysis of D3R interactions at both pre-synaptic and post-synaptic sites.
  • Focus on the biochemical and functional properties of the D1R-D3R heteromer.

Main Results:

  • D3R are co-expressed with D2R and nicotinic receptors at pre-synaptic sites.
  • D3R interact with D1 receptors at post-synaptic sites, forming D1R-D3R heteromers.
  • Both D1R and D3R are implicated in schizophrenia and motor dysfunction.

Conclusions:

  • Dopamine receptor heteromers, particularly D1R-D3R, represent novel molecular mechanisms in brain function.
  • The D1R-D3R heteromer is a promising drug target for treating neurological and psychiatric diseases.