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Updated: Apr 19, 2026
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Evaluation of Left Ventricular Structure and Function using 3D Echocardiography
Published on: October 28, 2020
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Calculation of pediatric left ventricular mass: validation and reference values using real-time three-dimensional
Kai Thorsten Laser1, Britta Anna Houben2, Hermann Körperich3
1Center for Congenital Heart Defects, Heart and Diabetes Center Bad Oeynhausen, Ruhr University Bochum, Bad Oeynhausen, Germany.
Summary
Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE) accurately calculates left ventricular mass (LVM) in children, showing minimal overestimation compared to cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR). New pediatric reference values for LVM are now available for clinical use.
Area of Science:
- Cardiology
- Medical Imaging
- Pediatric Health
Background:
- Left ventricular mass (LVM) reference values are crucial for managing pediatric cardiac disease.
- Cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) is the current gold standard for LVM assessment.
- Validation of alternative imaging techniques for pediatric LVM is needed.
Purpose of the Study:
- To validate LVM calculations using real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE) against CMR.
- To establish comprehensive pediatric reference values for LVM derived from RT3DE.
Main Methods:
- Validation cohort: 40 subjects (20 patients) underwent both CMR and RT3DE.
- Reference value cohort: 434 healthy children investigated using RT3DE in a multicenter prospective study.
- LVM quantification by RT3DE compared against CMR standard (disk summation method).
Main Results:
- RT3DE showed a slight LVM overestimation (2.5 ± 11.3%) compared to CMR, with excellent correlation (r = 0.990).
- Low intraobserver (0.9 ± 7.1%) and interobserver (1.5 ± 9.3%) variability demonstrated high reproducibility.
- Established pediatric LVM percentiles (0-18 years) correlated strongly with age, height, weight, and body surface area.
Conclusions:
- RT3DE provides accurate, rapid, and reproducible LVM calculations in children.
- The established RT3DE-derived pediatric LVM percentiles are suitable for clinical application.
