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Symmetric Bihemispheric Postmortem Brain Cutting to Study Healthy and Pathological Brain Conditions in Humans
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Marc-Antoine d'Albis, Josselin Houenou1

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Neuroimaging reveals distinct brain network alterations in schizophrenia (SZ) and bipolar disorder (BD), challenging the traditional Kraepelinian dichotomy. While both show volume decreases, SZ impacts all networks, whereas BD affects specific limbic and interhemispheric networks.

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Kraepelinian dichotomybipolar disorderconnectivityneuroimagingschizophrenia

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychiatry
  • Medical Imaging

Background:

  • The historical Kraepelinian dichotomy classifying schizophrenia (SZ) and bipolar disorder (BD) is increasingly debated.
  • Emerging epidemiological and biological data suggest potential overlap and distinctions between these conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To comparatively review neuroimaging features across multiple scales in SZ and BD.
  • To elucidate the similarities and differences in brain structure, activity, connectivity, and networks between SZ and BD.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative review of existing neuroimaging studies.
  • Analysis of data at whole-brain, regional volumes, brain activity, connectivity, and network levels.

Main Results:

  • Structural volumetric studies indicate common patterns of decreased brain volume in both SZ and BD.
  • Network-based studies reveal a clearer distinction: SZ exhibits generalized altered connectivity across all brain networks.
  • Bipolar disorder (BD) shows altered connectivity primarily within limbic, paralimbic, and interhemispheric networks.

Conclusions:

  • Neuroimaging findings challenge the strict Kraepelinian dichotomy between SZ and BD.
  • Distinct patterns of brain network alterations provide a more nuanced understanding of these disorders.
  • Connectivity patterns offer a potential biological marker to differentiate between schizophrenia and bipolar disorder.