Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Prodrugs01:30

Prodrugs

4.8K
Prodrugs are a class of pharmaceutical compounds that undergo a biotransformation process within the body to be converted into a pharmacologically active drug. Prodrugs are designed to improve the therapeutic properties of the parent drug, such as enhancing bioavailability, increasing stability, or reducing toxicity. The concept of prodrugs revolves around modifying the chemical structure of the original drug to make it more effective or convenient for administration.
Prodrugs help overcome...
4.8K
Bioavailability Enhancement: Drug Permeability Enhancement01:27

Bioavailability Enhancement: Drug Permeability Enhancement

318
After oral administration, poor permeability often limits the rate at which drugs are absorbed through the intestinal epithelium. Enhancing drug permeability is crucial for effective therapy, and several strategies have been developed to overcome this challenge.One effective strategy involves the use of lipid-based formulations. These formulations enhance dissolution and solubility, targeting physiological mechanisms to increase drug absorption. This includes stimulating bile salt secretion,...
318
Drug Delivery Systems: Different Types01:27

Drug Delivery Systems: Different Types

355
Conventional oral drug products, termed immediate-release (IR) formulations, are engineered to promptly release their active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) upon ingestion, typically in tablets or capsules. This rapid release often results in swift drug absorption and consequent pharmacodynamic effects, although the timing and intensity can vary depending on the drug's properties. Prodrugs within these formulations require metabolic conversion to activate their pharmacodynamic effects,...
355
Pharmaceutical Alternatives: Polymorphic Form-Related and Particle Size-Related Therapeutic Nonequivalence01:27

Pharmaceutical Alternatives: Polymorphic Form-Related and Particle Size-Related Therapeutic Nonequivalence

227
Changes in polymorphic forms can significantly influence the bioavailability of poorly soluble drugs. Although the FDA defines pharmaceutical equivalence based on having the same active ingredient, dosage form, and route of administration, it does not automatically disqualify products with different polymorphic forms. This means two products with different polymorphs can still be deemed pharmaceutically equivalent. However, polymorphic differences can affect properties like wettability,...
227
Oral Drug Delivery Systems: Introduction01:23

Oral Drug Delivery Systems: Introduction

250
Oral drug delivery is the most common route of administration due to its convenience, cost-effectiveness, and high patient compliance. It enables precise formulation to ensure proper drug dosage and bioavailability. The development of oral dosage forms considers drug properties such as solubility, stability, and absorption to optimize therapeutic efficacy.Tablets, capsules, liquids, and chewable formulations enhance drug stability, mask undesirable tastes, and improve patient experience.
250
Bioavailability Enhancement: Determination and Conceptual Approaches in Overcoming Bioavailability Problems01:22

Bioavailability Enhancement: Determination and Conceptual Approaches in Overcoming Bioavailability Problems

338
Bioavailability is a critical pharmacological concept that measures the extent and rate at which an active drug ingredient or therapeutic moiety enters the systemic circulation, remaining unchanged. It's a pivotal factor in determining a drug's efficacy and safety.The Biopharmaceutics Classification System (BCS) plays an essential role in drug development by categorizing drugs into four classes based on their solubility and permeability. This classification aids in understanding drug absorption...
338

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Enabling lead optimization with a focus on optimal dose selection by utilizing multi-parametric data visualization techniques.

European journal of medicinal chemistry·2026
Same author

Sustainable Germanium Recovery From Germanium Dioxide via Halogen-Free Chemical Vapor Transport.

Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)·2026
Same author

Gas delivery systems in biomedical applications.

Advanced drug delivery reviews·2026
Same author

Strategies to overcome hepatic clearance of endogenous proteins - molecular and formulation approaches.

RSC chemical biology·2026
Same author

From canes to pills: the evolution of carbon monoxide therapeutics.

Advanced drug delivery reviews·2026
Same author

Enhanced Energy Transfer from a Metal-Organic Framework to a Highly Confined Organic Phosphorescent Dye.

Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 19, 2026

Development, Characterization, and Evaluation of CAGE-based Ionic Liquid Systems for Transdermal Delivery
09:44

Development, Characterization, and Evaluation of CAGE-based Ionic Liquid Systems for Transdermal Delivery

Published on: September 26, 2025

803

Ionic liquid versus prodrug strategy to address formulation challenges.

Anja Balk1, Toni Widmer, Johannes Wiest

  • 1Institute for Pharmacy, Am Hubland, University of Würzburg, 97074, Würzburg, Germany.

Pharmaceutical Research
|December 24, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Transforming a poorly soluble active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) into an ionic liquid (IL) significantly enhanced dissolution rates and oral availability compared to a prodrug, offering a promising alternative for drug formulation.

More Related Videos

Preparation and Characterization of Lipophilic Doxorubicin Pro-drug Micelles
09:56

Preparation and Characterization of Lipophilic Doxorubicin Pro-drug Micelles

Published on: August 2, 2016

15.7K
Targeted Plasma Membrane Delivery of a Hydrophobic Cargo Encapsulated in a Liquid Crystal Nanoparticle Carrier
10:16

Targeted Plasma Membrane Delivery of a Hydrophobic Cargo Encapsulated in a Liquid Crystal Nanoparticle Carrier

Published on: February 8, 2017

8.2K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 19, 2026

Development, Characterization, and Evaluation of CAGE-based Ionic Liquid Systems for Transdermal Delivery
09:44

Development, Characterization, and Evaluation of CAGE-based Ionic Liquid Systems for Transdermal Delivery

Published on: September 26, 2025

803
Preparation and Characterization of Lipophilic Doxorubicin Pro-drug Micelles
09:56

Preparation and Characterization of Lipophilic Doxorubicin Pro-drug Micelles

Published on: August 2, 2016

15.7K
Targeted Plasma Membrane Delivery of a Hydrophobic Cargo Encapsulated in a Liquid Crystal Nanoparticle Carrier
10:16

Targeted Plasma Membrane Delivery of a Hydrophobic Cargo Encapsulated in a Liquid Crystal Nanoparticle Carrier

Published on: February 8, 2017

8.2K

Area of Science:

  • Pharmaceutical Sciences
  • Drug Delivery
  • Physical Chemistry

Background:

  • Poorly water-soluble acidic active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) present formulation challenges for oral delivery.
  • Prodrug strategies can improve bioavailability but often require structural modification of the API.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop an ionic liquid (IL) formulation of a poorly water-soluble acidic API.
  • To evaluate the oral availability of the IL compared to a prodrug and the free API.

Main Methods:

  • Solid-state and solution-state characterization of API and IL using diffraction, NMR, DSC, IR, and MS.
  • Assessment of dissolution and precipitation kinetics, and API supersaturation.
  • Evaluation of transepithelial transport in Caco-2 cells and counterion cytotoxicity.

Main Results:

  • The ionic liquid exhibited a 700-fold faster dissolution rate and prolonged supersaturation compared to the free acid.
  • Transepithelial transport of the IL was threefold higher than the prodrug, driven by superior solubility.
  • The counterion demonstrated low toxicity across various cell lines.

Conclusions:

  • The ionic liquid approach effectively enhanced the physico-chemical properties of the API.
  • This method avoids structural modifications inherent in prodrug development.
  • Ionic liquids represent a viable strategy for improving oral drug bioavailability.