Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Graves Disease II: Pathophysiology01:24

Graves Disease II: Pathophysiology

5
Graves’ disease is an autoimmune disorder characterized by the production of thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins (TSI) that activate TSH receptors, leading to excessive synthesis and release of thyroid hormones (T3 and T4) and resulting in hyperthyroidism.Among all causes of hyperthyroidism, Graves’ disease is the most common and can happen at any age, though it is more frequent in women. It produces a hypermetabolic state with features such as weight loss, tachycardia, tremor,...
5
Graves' Disease I: Introduction01:28

Graves' Disease I: Introduction

4
Graves' disease is an autoimmune disorder that causes hyperthyroidism, or overactivity of the thyroid gland. It results from autoantibodies called thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins (TSIs), which bind to thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) receptors, leading to overstimulation of hormone production and a hypermetabolic state.EtiologyAlthough considered idiopathic, Graves’ disease has well-established contributing factors. There is a strong genetic component, with increased prevalence...
4
Autoimmune Disorders01:29

Autoimmune Disorders

2.4K
Autoimmune diseases are a group of disorders in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own cells, tissues, and organs. This results from an overactive immune response against substances and tissues normally present in the body. Let's delve into the concept and mechanism of autoimmune diseases from an immune system point of view, explore different causes and examples of such diseases, and discuss potential solutions.
Concept and Mechanism of Autoimmune Diseases
The immune...
2.4K
Hyperthyroidism II: Pathophysiology01:27

Hyperthyroidism II: Pathophysiology

6
Hyperthyroidism is a hypermetabolic state caused by elevated levels of thyroid hormones, triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). It results from dysregulation at the thyroid, pituitary, or immune system level and affects multiple organ systems.PathophysiologyThe most common cause of hyperthyroidism is Graves’ disease, an autoimmune disorder in which antibodies, specifically thyroid-stimulating antibodies (TSAb), a subtype of TSH receptor antibodies (TRAb), bind to and activate TSH...
6
Hypothyroidism II: Pathophysiology01:23

Hypothyroidism II: Pathophysiology

4
Hypothyroidism is a disorder characterized by insufficient production of thyroid hormones, which regulate metabolism, energy balance, and multiple organ systems.TypesHypothyroidism is classified based on the level of dysfunction. Primary hypothyroidism results from intrinsic thyroid gland dysfunction, causing reduced hormone production despite normal or increased stimulation. Secondary hypothyroidism arises from inadequate thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) secretion by the pituitary. Tertiary...
4
Hyperthyroidism I: Introduction01:25

Hyperthyroidism I: Introduction

4
Hyperthyroidism is a type of thyrotoxicosis characterized by the thyroid gland's overproduction of the thyroid hormones triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). This hormone excess increases the basal metabolic rate and enhances sensitivity to catecholamines.DiagnosisDiagnosis is based on clinical features and biochemical testing. It typically shows suppressed thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels below 0.4 mIU/L, with elevated free T3 and/or T4. Additional tests, including thyroid...
4

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

[Exploring multidimensional environmental exposure and strategies for the co-prevention of multimorbidity in children and adolescents].

Zhonghua liu xing bing xue za zhi = Zhonghua liuxingbingxue zazhi·2026
Same author

[Identification of high indoor light exposure at night and comparison between subjective and objective exposure level in children and adolescents].

Zhonghua liu xing bing xue za zhi = Zhonghua liuxingbingxue zazhi·2026
Same author

[Dose-response relationship of multidimensional lifestyle with anxiety and depression in children and adolescents: a moderated analysis on overweight/obesity effect].

Zhonghua liu xing bing xue za zhi = Zhonghua liuxingbingxue zazhi·2026
Same author

[Association between light exposure at night and pubertal development in children and adolescents].

Zhonghua liu xing bing xue za zhi = Zhonghua liuxingbingxue zazhi·2026
Same author

[Association between Karst landform distribution and prevalence of dental caries and elevated blood pressure in children aged 7-12 years].

Zhonghua liu xing bing xue za zhi = Zhonghua liuxingbingxue zazhi·2026
Same author

[Effect of flexible endoscopic evaluation of swallowing on clinical functional outcomes in patients with intensive care unit-acquired swallowing disorders].

Zhonghua er bi yan hou tou jing wai ke za zhi = Chinese journal of otorhinolaryngology head and neck surgery·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 19, 2026

Generation of a Mouse Spontaneous Autoimmune Thyroiditis Model
04:39

Generation of a Mouse Spontaneous Autoimmune Thyroiditis Model

Published on: March 17, 2023

2.7K

Autoimmune thyroid disease: mechanism, genetics and current knowledge.

Y H Dong1, D G Fu

  • 1Department of Oncology, Xiangyang Hospital Affiliated to Hubei University of Medicine, Xiangyang, Hubei, P.R. China. epspublication@gmail.com.

European Review for Medical and Pharmacological Sciences
|December 24, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) is rising, influenced by genetics and environment. This review explores AITD mechanisms, antigens, and risk factors like smoking and alcohol.

More Related Videos

Spontaneous Murine Model of Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer
05:39

Spontaneous Murine Model of Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer

Published on: February 3, 2023

2.4K
In Vivo Inhibition of MicroRNA to Decrease Tumor Growth in Mice
07:02

In Vivo Inhibition of MicroRNA to Decrease Tumor Growth in Mice

Published on: August 23, 2019

7.9K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 19, 2026

Generation of a Mouse Spontaneous Autoimmune Thyroiditis Model
04:39

Generation of a Mouse Spontaneous Autoimmune Thyroiditis Model

Published on: March 17, 2023

2.7K
Spontaneous Murine Model of Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer
05:39

Spontaneous Murine Model of Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer

Published on: February 3, 2023

2.4K
In Vivo Inhibition of MicroRNA to Decrease Tumor Growth in Mice
07:02

In Vivo Inhibition of MicroRNA to Decrease Tumor Growth in Mice

Published on: August 23, 2019

7.9K

Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Immunology
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Autoimmune endocrine disorders, particularly autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD), show a notable increase in incidence.
  • AITD predominantly affects females and is linked to genetic and environmental factors, with Graves' and Hashimoto's diseases being primary types.
  • Both diseases are more prevalent in individuals over 45-50 years old.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the multifaceted aspects of autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD).
  • To elucidate disease mechanisms, identify key thyroid antigens, and analyze environmental and genetic factors contributing to AITD.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent epidemiological studies on autoimmune endocrine disorders.
  • Analysis of genetic linkage and association studies identifying relevant genes in AITD.
  • Examination of environmental influences such as smoking and alcohol consumption.

Main Results:

  • AITD incidence is increasing, with multifactorial etiology involving genetic predisposition and environmental triggers.
  • Elevated circulating antibodies against thyroid proteins (thyroid oxidase, thyroglobulin, TSH receptor) are characteristic of AITD.
  • Key genes and environmental factors, including smoking and alcohol, are implicated in AITD onset and progression.

Conclusions:

  • Autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) pathogenesis is complex, involving genetic susceptibility and environmental modulators.
  • Understanding the interplay of genetic and environmental factors is crucial for managing AITD.
  • Further research is needed to clarify the precise roles of environmental factors and genetic predispositions in AITD.