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Cortisol production is normally governed by the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, which maintains hormonal balance through tightly regulated feedback mechanisms. Disruption of this regulatory system is central to the development of Cushing syndrome, whether the excess cortisol originates from external medications or internal pathology. Persistent cortisol elevation alters metabolism, immune function, and endocrine signaling, producing the characteristic clinical features...
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Cushing syndrome refers to the collection of clinical manifestations that arise when tissues are exposed to excessive amounts of cortisol or cortisol-like medications over an extended period. Cortisol, a glucocorticoid produced by the adrenal cortex, regulates metabolism, immune responses, and the body’s adaptation to stress. When its concentration remains chronically elevated, these physiological pathways become dysregulated, resulting in the characteristic features of the...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 19, 2026

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Cushing syndrome after bilateral lensectomy.

Karin Sofia Scherrer1, Marcus Weitz, Johannes Eisenack

  • 1General Paediatrics, University Children's Hospital, 8032, Zurich, Switzerland, karin.scherrer@kispi.uzh.ch.

European Journal of Pediatrics
|December 24, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Iatrogenic Cushing syndrome is rare but can occur in infants treated with dexamethasone eye drops. This case highlights the potential for systemic side effects, even with topical ocular medication.

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Endocrinology
  • Ophthalmology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Iatrogenic Cushing syndrome is a known complication of systemic corticosteroid use.
  • Cushing syndrome from topical ocular corticosteroids is exceptionally rare, with few cases reported.
  • Infants are particularly vulnerable to systemic absorption of ocular medications.

Observation:

  • A 5-month-old infant developed Cushing syndrome after 3 months of dexamethasone eye drops post-cataract surgery.
  • The infant presented with cushingoid facies, nephrocalcinosis, and failure to grow.

Findings:

  • Diagnosis of iatrogenic Cushing syndrome was confirmed.
  • Reduction and cessation of dexamethasone eye drops led to catch-up growth.

Implications:

  • Topical ocular corticosteroids can cause significant systemic side effects in infants.
  • Careful monitoring is crucial for infants receiving prolonged ocular corticosteroid therapy.
  • This case underscores the importance of considering systemic absorption from topical medications in pediatric patients.