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Related Concept Videos

Probiotics01:22

Probiotics

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Probiotics are live, non-pathogenic microorganisms that confer health benefits by modulating the gut microbiota. The human gastrointestinal tract harbors a complex microbial ecosystem, and the balance of this microbiota is crucial for digestive and systemic health. Among the most extensively studied and utilized probiotics are species formerly classified within the genera Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium. These organisms not only naturally colonize the human gut but are also consumed through...
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Development of Human Microbiota01:30

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The human microbiota begins developing at birth and undergoes continual change as we age. Infancy marks a critical period of microbial sensitivity, offering a “window of opportunity” during which beneficial microbes help mature the immune system. By age three, children typically develop a more stable and diverse microbial community. Newborns acquire microbes from their immediate environment; vaginal delivery favors maternal vaginal microbes, while cesarean births favor microbes from...
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Development of the Oral Microbiota01:28

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The establishment of the oral microbiome begins before birth, challenging the long-held belief that the fetal oral cavity is sterile. The presence of oral microbes such as Streptococcus and Fusobacterium in amniotic fluid suggests that microbial exposure may occur in utero, potentially through translocation from the maternal oral or gastrointestinal tract. This early colonization primes the neonatal immune system and sets the stage for subsequent microbial succession. Maternal health,...
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Although digestion of proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids may begin in the stomach, it is completed in the intestine. The absorption of nutrients, water, and electrolytes from food and drink also occurs in the intestine. The intestines can be divided into two structurally distinct organs—the small and large intestines.
Small Intestines
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Microbes in the Production of Fermented Foods01:27

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Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and molds are instrumental in fermenting plant-based foods to enhance preservation and ensure year-round availability. These microbial processes convert plant carbohydrates into organic acids and other metabolites that inhibit spoilage organisms and contribute to the sensory qualities of the final product.In sauerkraut production, cabbage goes through a microbial succession that starts with cocci such as Leuconostoc mesenteroides. These microbes begin fermentation by...
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The human gastrointestinal (GI) tract is characterized by distinct physicochemical conditions that shape its microbial communities. Among these, the stomach presents a particularly challenging environment for microbial colonization due to its highly acidic pH, ranging from 1 to 3. This extreme acidity effectively limits microbial density. However, certain acid-tolerant microorganisms are capable of surviving in this niche. Notably, Helicobacter pylori can colonize the gastric mucosa,...
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Probiotic Studies in Neonatal Mice Using Gavage
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Prebiotics in infant formula.

Yvan Vandenplas1, Elisabeth De Greef, Gigi Veereman

  • 1a Pediatric Gastroenterology; UZ Brussel ; Vrije Universiteit Brussel ; Brussels , Belgium.

Gut Microbes
|December 24, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Adding prebiotics to infant formula can alter the gut microbiota, making it more similar to that of breastfed infants. While generally safe, more research is needed to confirm significant health benefits from these prebiotic supplements.

Keywords:
fructo-oligosaccharidegalacto-oligosaccharideinfant feedinginfant formulaoligosaccharidepolydextroseprebiotic

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Microbiology
  • Nutrition

Background:

  • Infant gut microbiota composition differs between breast-fed and formula-fed infants.
  • Breast milk contains prebiotic oligosaccharides and probiotics, which are typically absent in standard infant formulas.
  • Prebiotic oligosaccharides are added to infant formulas to mimic breast milk composition.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the impact of prebiotic supplementation in infant formula on gastrointestinal microbiota.
  • To compare the gut microbiota of infants fed prebiotic-supplemented formula versus standard formula.
  • To assess the clinical effects and safety of prebiotics in infant formula.

Main Methods:

  • Infant formula supplemented with various prebiotics (galacto-oligosaccharides, fructo-oligosaccharide, polydextrose) was administered.
  • Gastrointestinal microbiota composition, stool characteristics (pH, consistency, frequency), and bifidobacteria concentration were analyzed.
  • Comparison was made between infants receiving supplemented formula and those on non-supplemented standard formula.

Main Results:

  • Prebiotic supplementation altered the gut microbiota, increasing bifidobacteria concentration.
  • Infants on supplemented formula showed lower stool pH and improved stool consistency and frequency.
  • Adverse events associated with prebiotic use were rare.

Conclusions:

  • Prebiotic-supplemented infant formulas partially mimic the gut microbiota of breastfed infants.
  • Prebiotics demonstrate a trend towards beneficial clinical effects and are safe for infant consumption.
  • Further evidence is required to establish significant long-term health benefits from prebiotic-induced gut microbiota alterations.