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Related Concept Videos

Type I Diabetes II: Pathophysiology01:26

Type I Diabetes II: Pathophysiology

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Type 1 diabetes mellitus arises from an immune-mediated destruction of pancreatic β-cells, resulting in an absolute deficiency of insulin. This process develops in genetically susceptible individuals when autoimmunity, environmental exposures, and immunologic dysregulation converge to trigger a targeted attack on the insulin-producing cells of the pancreas. The β-cells are located within the islets of Langerhans and are essential for regulating blood glucose by facilitating cellular...
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Type II Diabetes II: Pathophysiology01:24

Type II Diabetes II: Pathophysiology

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PathophysiologyType 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM ) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by insulin resistance and progressive pancreatic β-cell dysfunction, leading to impaired glucose homeostasis. It results from interactions among genetic predisposition, environmental factors, and metabolic stressors, such as overnutrition and a sedentary lifestyle.Insulin Resistance and Glucose DysregulationEarly T2DM involves insulin resistance in skeletal muscle, adipose tissue, and the liver.
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Pathophysiology of Diabetes01:20

Pathophysiology of Diabetes

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Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia. The four categories of diabetes are type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, other specific types of diabetes, and gestational diabetes.
Type 1 diabetes is characterized by autoimmune-mediated destruction of pancreatic β cells, with environmental factors potentially triggering this process in genetically susceptible individuals. Despite many not having a family history, certain genes increase susceptibility,...
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Complications of Diabetes Mellitus01:22

Complications of Diabetes Mellitus

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Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by persistent hyperglycemia due to insulin deficiency, resistance, or both. Prolonged hyperglycemia disrupts metabolic homeostasis and leads to acute and chronic complications.Acute ComplicationsAcute complications result from sudden metabolic imbalance.Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) mainly appears in type 1 diabetes but may also develop in type 2 diabetes, particularly under extreme stress. It arises from severe insulin deficiency,...
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Diabetic Retinopathy01:27

Diabetic Retinopathy

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DefinitionDiabetic retinopathy is a microvascular complication of diabetes affecting the retinal blood vessels.Risk FactorsDiabetic retinopathy is present in almost all individuals with type 1 diabetes and more than 60% of those with type 2 diabetes after two decades of disease.The risk increases with poor glycemic control, hypertension, dyslipidemia, smoking, pregnancy, and puberty.Although cataracts and glaucoma are also more frequent in people with diabetes, retinopathy remains the leading...
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Diabetic Nephropathy01:28

Diabetic Nephropathy

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Definition Diabetic nephropathy is a chronic kidney complication that results from prolonged hyperglycemia.Prevalence It is the most common cause of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) worldwide, affecting up to half of individuals with diabetes.Pathophysiology • Sustained hyperglycemia triggers multiple hemodynamic and metabolic changes in the kidney. • Early in the disease, increased renal blood flow and glomerular hyperfiltration...
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Correction: Marchetti et al. MicroRNA-24-3p Targets Notch and Other Vascular Morphogens to Regulate Post-ischemic Microvascular Responses in Limb Muscles. <i>Int. J. Mol. Sci</i>. 2020, <i>21</i>, 1733.

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Modeling and Evaluation of Murine Diabetic Cardiomyopathy Model
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Noncoding RNAs in diabetes vascular complications.

Cristina Beltrami1, Timothy G Angelini2, Costanza Emanueli3

  • 1National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College of London, London, UK.

Journal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology
|December 24, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) are key regulators in diabetes complications. This review explores their role in vascular damage and potential as biomarkers and therapeutic targets for diabetes.

Keywords:
BiomarkersBone marrow-derived cellsDiabetesExtracellular vesiclesLong noncoding RNAsMicroRNAsVascular cells

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Endocrinology

Background:

  • Diabetes mellitus is a prevalent metabolic disorder causing widespread vascular damage and complications.
  • Diabetic patients exhibit impaired vascular repair and poor outcomes from revascularization procedures.
  • The molecular mechanisms of diabetic vascular complications and effective therapeutic targets remain incompletely understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the roles of noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) in the vascular complications of diabetes.
  • To discuss the potential of ncRNAs as diagnostic, prognostic, and predictive biomarkers in diabetes.
  • To explore therapeutic strategies targeting ncRNAs for diabetes treatment.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of ncRNAs in diabetes vascular complications.
  • Analysis of current research on microRNAs (miRNAs) and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs).
  • Discussion of ncRNA-based biomarkers and therapeutic interventions.

Main Results:

  • ncRNAs, including miRNAs and lncRNAs, are emerging as critical regulators of gene expression in vascular health and disease.
  • Dysregulation of specific ncRNAs contributes to the pathogenesis of diabetic vascular complications.
  • ncRNAs show promise as novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets for diabetes.

Conclusions:

  • ncRNAs play significant roles in the development and progression of diabetes-associated vascular complications.
  • Targeting ncRNAs offers potential for developing new diagnostic tools and therapeutic strategies for diabetes.
  • Further research into ncRNAs is crucial for advancing diabetes care.