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Strong coupling between surface plasmon polaritons and emitters: a review.

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  • 1Department of Applied Physics, COMP Centre of Excellence, Aalto University, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland.

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|December 24, 2014
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Summary

This review explores strong coupling between surface plasmon-polaritons and quantum emitters like quantum dots. It covers the physics, history, and theoretical frameworks, highlighting future directions in this emerging field.

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Area of Science:

  • * Condensed matter physics and quantum optics.
  • * Nanophotonics and materials science.

Background:

  • * Surface plasmon-polaritons (SPPs) are collective oscillations of electrons at a metal-dielectric interface, strongly interacting with light.
  • * Quantum emitters, including excitons in J-aggregates, dye molecules, and quantum dots, possess discrete energy levels capable of interacting with electromagnetic fields.

Purpose of the Study:

  • * To review the fundamental concepts and current state-of-the-art in the strong coupling of SPPs with quantum emitters.
  • * To provide a comprehensive overview of the underlying physics, historical development, and recent experimental advancements.
  • * To compare different theoretical frameworks (classical, semi-classical, quantum mechanical) for understanding strong coupling phenomena.

Main Methods:

  • * Literature review of theoretical and experimental studies on plasmon-emitter strong coupling.
  • * Analysis of the physics of surface plasmon-polaritons.
  • * Comparison of classical, semi-classical, and quantum mechanical theoretical models.

Main Results:

  • * Strong coupling between SPPs and quantum emitters leads to the formation of new hybrid quasi-particles (polaritons).
  • * This coupling is observed across various quantum emitters like J-aggregates, dye molecules, and quantum dots.
  • * Different theoretical frameworks offer distinct perspectives on the strong coupling phenomenon.

Conclusions:

  • * The field of strong coupling between SPPs and quantum emitters is rapidly advancing with significant potential for future discoveries.
  • * Understanding these interactions is crucial for developing novel photonic devices and exploring fundamental quantum phenomena.
  • * The reviewed theoretical frameworks have broader applicability to strong coupling systems beyond plasmonics.