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Updated: Apr 19, 2026

Use of Viral Entry Assays and Molecular Docking Analysis for the Identification of Antiviral Candidates against Coxsackievirus A16
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Use of Viral Entry Assays and Molecular Docking Analysis for the Identification of Antiviral Candidates against Coxsackievirus A16

Published on: July 15, 2019

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EV71 vaccines: a first step towards multivalent hand, foot and mouth disease vaccines

Michel H Klein1

  • 1VaxiBio Inc, 54 Strathgowan Avenue, Toronto, Ontario, M4N 1B9 Canada.

Expert Review of Vaccines
|December 25, 2014
PubMed

Insights

Developing vaccines for hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) is crucial. Current vaccines protect against Enterovirus 71 (EV71) but not coxsackievirus A16, highlighting the need for broader protection.

Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Vaccinology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Enterovirus A infections, particularly Enterovirus 71 (EV71) and coxsackievirus A16, are leading causes of hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) in children.
  • These neurotropic viruses pose a significant public health threat, especially in the Asia-Pacific region, causing severe neurological complications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize the challenges in developing effective vaccines for hand, foot, and mouth disease.
  • To emphasize the need for multivalent vaccines addressing multiple enterovirus strains.

Main Methods:

  • This editorial reviews existing literature and vaccine development strategies for HFMD.
  • It analyzes the limitations of current monovalent vaccines and proposes future directions.

Main Results:

  • Formalin-inactivated EV71 vaccines provide protection against EV71 but not coxsackievirus A16.
  • A bivalent vaccine targeting both EV71 and coxsackievirus A16 is a logical next step.

Conclusions:

  • The development of multivalent HFMD vaccines, including other prevalent enteroviruses like coxsackievirus and echovirus 30, is essential.
  • Overcoming challenges in developing broad-spectrum HFMD vaccines is critical for global child health.

Keywords:
Enterovirus 71coxsackieviruses A16, A6, A10cross-neutralizing antibodyhand foot and mouth diseaseshuman enteroviruses Avaccines

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