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Kinetics describes the rate and path by which a reaction occurs. In contrast, thermodynamics deals with state functions and describes the properties, behavior, and components of a system. It is not concerned with the path taken by the process and cannot address the rate at which a reaction occurs. Although it does provide information about what can happen during a reaction process, it does not describe the detailed steps of what appears on an atomic or a molecular level. On the other hand,...
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The Collision Theory
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A thermodynamic process is a path through a sequence of states that takes a system from an initial state to a final state. In a cyclic process, the system returns to its initial state, so the changes in state properties and state functions (ΔT, Δp, ΔV, ΔU, ΔH) over one complete cycle are zero. However, heat and work transfers can still occur during the cycle, and the net heat and net work over the cycle need not be zero.A reversible process occurs when the system is...
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Thermodynamics versus kinetics in nanosynthesis.

Yawen Wang1, Jiating He, Cuicui Liu

  • 1Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371 (Singapore) http://www.ntu.edu.sg/home/hongyuchen/

Angewandte Chemie (International Ed. in English)
|December 25, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Rational design in nanoscience requires understanding synthesis control. This review distinguishes between thermodynamic and kinetic control, offering a framework for analyzing nanostructure formation pathways.

Keywords:
hybrid structureskineticsmicellesnanoparticle synthesisthermodynamics

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Area of Science:

  • Nanoscience and Nanotechnology
  • Materials Chemistry
  • Chemical Engineering

Background:

  • Modern nanotechnology enables the creation of complex nanostructures.
  • Sophisticated synthesis of nanostructures requires rational design and a systems approach.
  • Understanding the underlying mechanisms of nanostructure formation is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To advocate for the distinction between thermodynamically and kinetically controlled synthesis scenarios.
  • To provide a common framework for comparing mechanistic proposals in nanosynthesis.
  • To facilitate a deeper understanding of the factors governing nanostructure formation.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on nanosynthesis phenomena.
  • Analysis of concurrent processes in typical nanosynthesis.
  • Development of a conceptual framework to categorize synthesis control mechanisms.

Main Results:

  • Identification of two primary control scenarios: thermodynamic and kinetic.
  • Thermodynamic control: product formation driven by stability.
  • Kinetic control: product formation driven by the lowest energy pathway.

Conclusions:

  • Distinguishing between thermodynamic and kinetic control offers a clearer perspective on nanosynthesis.
  • A unified framework aids in contrasting and comparing diverse mechanistic proposals.
  • This approach supports the rational design of advanced nanostructures.