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Clostridium difficile infection in Thailand.

Papanin Putsathit1, Pattarachai Kiratisin2, Puriya Ngamwongsatit3

  • 1Microbiology & Immunology, School of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia.

International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents
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Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) is a significant cause of hospital-associated diarrhea. This review highlights Thailand

Keywords:
AntimicrobialsAsiaClostridium difficileDeveloping countriesEpidemiologyThailand

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Clostridium difficile causes antimicrobial-associated diarrhea, ranging from mild cases to fatal colitis.
  • Epidemiology has shifted with the emergence of specific strains like PCR ribotype (RT) 027 and RT 078.
  • Limited research exists on CDI in Asia, despite high antimicrobial use.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current knowledge of Clostridium difficile in Thailand.
  • To assess detection methods, prevalence, antimicrobial susceptibility, clinical features, treatment, and outcomes of CDI.
  • To review antimicrobial usage in Thai livestock.

Main Methods:

  • Literature search for studies on Clostridium difficile in Thailand.
  • Analysis of 18 identified studies, more than any other Asian country.
  • Review of antimicrobial usage in livestock.

Main Results:

  • Thailand has more published studies on CDI than other Asian countries.
  • Antimicrobial exposure is a key risk factor for CDI.
  • The situation in Thailand may reflect that in other developing Asian nations.

Conclusions:

  • Further research is needed to understand CDI prevalence and management in Thailand.
  • Understanding antimicrobial use in livestock is crucial for controlling CDI.
  • Thailand's CDI situation could serve as a model for other Asian countries.