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Embryonic Stem Cells00:57

Embryonic Stem Cells

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Embryonic stem (ES) cells were first discovered in mice in 1981 by Martin Evans. In 1998, James Thomson identified a method to isolate embryonic stem cells from humans. Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are obtained from 3-5 day old embryos that remain unused after an in vitro fertilization procedure.
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Embryonic Stem Cells00:58

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Embryonic stem (ES) cells are undifferentiated pluripotent cells, meaning they can produce any cell type in the body. This gives them tremendous potential in science and medicine since they can generate specific cell types for use in research or to replace body cells lost due to damage or disease.
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Stem cell research aims to find ways to use stem cells to regenerate and repair cellular damage. Over time, most adult cells undergo the wear and tear of aging and lose their ability to divide and repair themselves. Stem cells do not display a particular morphology or function. Adult stem cells, which exist as a small subset of cells in most tissues, keep dividing and can differentiate into a number of specialized cells generally formed by that tissue. These cells enable the body to renew and...
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Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells01:13

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Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different types of cells. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are post-mitotic—that is, they no longer divide. However, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they “de-differentiate” and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are also pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are therefore...
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Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells01:06

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Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different cell types. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are terminally differentiated; however, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they dedifferentiate and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are called induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs).
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Stem cells and applications: a survey.

J-F Stoltz1, D Bensoussan1, L Zhang2

  • 1CNRS, UMR 7365, Biopole, Faculté de Médecine, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France CHU de Nancy, Unité de Thérapie Cellulaire et Tissulaire (FR CNRS-INSERM-UHP-CHU 3209), Hôpitaux de Brabois, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France.

Bio-Medical Materials and Engineering
|December 25, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Adult stem cells, particularly mesenchymal stem cells (MSC), are promising for regenerative medicine due to their differentiation potential and immunomodulatory properties. These cells offer clinical advantages over embryonic stem cells with fewer ethical concerns.

Keywords:
Stem cellsclinical studiesforecast marketsinternational regulationstissue engineering

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Area of Science:

  • Stem cell biology
  • Regenerative medicine
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) have been used therapeutically since the 1960s.
  • Interest in undifferentiated progenitors with proliferative and differentiation capacities has grown.
  • Adult stem cells (SC) are increasingly favored for clinical applications over embryonic stem cells.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the potential of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) in regenerative medicine.
  • To highlight the immunomodulatory and immune-evasive properties of MSC.
  • To discuss current and potential clinical applications of MSC.

Main Methods:

  • Review of literature on stem cell research and applications.
  • Characterization of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) from various sources (bone marrow, adipose tissue, Wharton's jelly).
  • Analysis of MSC properties, including multipotency, immunomodulation, and immune evasion.

Main Results:

  • Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) are easily isolated and prepared, with no ethical concerns.
  • MSC exhibit multipotency, allowing differentiation into various cell types.
  • MSC possess immunomodulatory activity and can evade allogeneic immune responses.

Conclusions:

  • Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) are highly promising for regenerative medicine applications.
  • The immunomodulatory and immune-evasive properties of MSC are key to their therapeutic potential.
  • Ongoing research explores MSC applications in diverse conditions like cardiac insufficiency, atherosclerosis, and organ reconstruction.