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WWOX: a fragile tumor suppressor.

Morgan S Schrock1, Kay Huebner2

  • 1Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology and Medical Genetics, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA.

Experimental Biology and Medicine (Maywood, N.J.)
|December 25, 2014
PubMed
Summary

The WW domain-containing oxidoreductase (WWOX) gene acts as a tumor suppressor, but its locus is prone to deletions in cancer. These deletions may be early passenger events due to chromosomal fragility.

Keywords:
FOR geneFRA16DWOX1WWOX-human geneWwox- human/mouse proteinWwox- mouse genefragile sites

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Area of Science:

  • Genetics
  • Oncology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • The WW domain-containing oxidoreductase (WWOX) gene, located at 16q23.3-q24.1, encodes a tumor suppressor protein.
  • WWOX expression is reduced or lost in various cancers, including breast, prostate, ovarian, and lung.
  • The WWOX locus overlaps with the chromosomal fragile site FRA16D, predisposing it to deletions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review evidence supporting WWOX's role as a tumor suppressor.
  • To contextualize WWOX's function within the fragility of the FRA16D locus.
  • To explore the implications of chromosomal fragility on tumor suppressor genes.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of in vitro and in vivo studies on WWOX function.
  • Analysis of WWOX expression and deletion patterns in various cancers.
  • Examination of the relationship between chromosomal fragile sites and cancer development.

Main Results:

  • WWOX protein interacts with multiple partners, regulating apoptosis and proliferation.
  • WWOX knockout and heterozygous mice show increased tumor incidence.
  • High frequency of WWOX locus deletions in cancers suggests passenger events linked to fragile site instability.

Conclusions:

  • WWOX functions as a tumor suppressor, with its loss contributing to tumorigenesis.
  • Chromosomal fragility at FRA16D may lead to early WWOX deletions in cancer progenitor cells.
  • Epigenetic factors influencing chromosomal fragility offer new insights into tumor suppressor gene involvement in cancer.