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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 19, 2026

Analysis of Interactions between Endobiotics and Human Gut Microbiota Using In Vitro Bath Fermentation Systems

Analysis of Interactions between Endobiotics and Human Gut Microbiota Using In Vitro Bath Fermentation Systems

Published on: August 23, 2019

Fermentation pattern of infant formulas containing different prebiotics.

Jon Vanderhoof¹, Paul Ferguson, Rosemary Pauley-Hunter

¹*Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA †Mead Johnson Nutrition, Evansville, IN ‡Boys Town National Research Hospital, Boys Town, NE.

Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition

|December 25, 2014

Summary

Infant formula containing polydextrose (PDX) plus galactooligosaccharide (GOS) resulted in higher breath hydrogen levels compared to GOS alone. This suggests a slower digestion rate for the PDX/GOS combination in infants.

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Area of Science:

Gastroenterology and Nutrition
Microbiome Research
Pediatric Nutrition

Background:

Prebiotics influence intestinal flora development.
Intestinal bacteria ferment unabsorbed carbohydrates, producing hydrogen.
Elevated breath hydrogen can indicate slower digestion or fermentation.

Purpose of the Study:

To compare the digestive effects of two prebiotic formulas in infants.
To assess breath hydrogen production as a marker for digestion rate.

Main Methods:

A blinded, crossover study involving 13 infants.
Infants consumed formula with either galactooligosaccharide (GOS) or polydextrose (PDX) + GOS.
Breath hydrogen levels were measured to assess fermentation.

Main Results:

The PDX/GOS group exhibited significantly higher breath hydrogen levels (25.35 ± 2.87 ppm) compared to the GOS-alone group (13.69 ± 2.87 ppm).
The difference in breath hydrogen was statistically significant (P=0.0001).

Conclusions:

The formula containing polydextrose (PDX) and galactooligosaccharide (GOS) appears to be digested more slowly in infants.
Breath hydrogen measurement is a useful indicator for evaluating infant formula digestion rates.