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Related Concept Videos

Frequency-dependent Selection01:21

Frequency-dependent Selection

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When the fitness of a trait is influenced by how common it is (i.e., its frequency) relative to different traits within a population, this is referred to as frequency-dependent selection. Frequency-dependent selection may occur between species or within a single species. This type of selection can either be positive—with more common phenotypes having higher fitness—or negative, with rarer phenotypes conferring increased fitness.
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Methodology for Accurate Detection of Mitochondrial DNA Methylation
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A neutrality test for detecting selection on DNA methylation using single methylation polymorphism frequency

Jun Wang1, Chuanzhu Fan2

  • 1Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University.

Genome Biology and Evolution
|December 26, 2014
PubMed
Summary

A new neutrality test, D(m), detects selection on DNA methylation mutations (epimutations). This test is more effective than traditional methods for understanding epimutation evolution and its role in gene origination.

Keywords:
Tajima’s Depigeneticsepimutationneutrality testsingle methylation polymorphismsite frequency

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Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Epigenetics
  • Population Genetics

Background:

  • Inheritable epigenetic mutations (epimutations) cause transmittable phenotypic variation.
  • Epimutations are subject to natural selection, influencing organismal fitness and evolution.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a neutrality test, "D(m)", for detecting selection on DNA methylation mutations (epimutations).
  • To compare the D(m) test with existing Tajima's D tests for DNA mutations.

Main Methods:

  • Developed the D(m) statistic based on the modified Tajima's D test framework.
  • Utilized computer simulations and empirical data analysis for comparative testing.
  • Applied the D(m) test to genome-wide polymorphism data from Arabidopsis and humans.

Main Results:

  • The D(m) test effectively detects selection on epimutations and outperforms traditional Tajima's D tests.
  • Genes under genetic and epigenetic selection exhibit distinct evolutionary patterns.
  • Newly evolved genes show a higher prevalence of rare epialleles, suggesting epimutation's role in gene evolution.

Conclusions:

  • The D(m) test is a valuable tool for analyzing selection on DNA methylation.
  • Epimutations may contribute to the origination and evolution of genes and genomes.
  • The study provides new analytical metrics for understanding evolutionary processes in epigenetics.