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Biofilms

Biofilms

Biofilms are complex communities of microorganisms encased in a self-produced extracellular polysaccharide matrix attached to surfaces. These microbial consortia can include single or multiple species, providing enhanced survival benefits by forming organized, multilayered structures.The formation of biofilms occurs through four key stages: attachment, colonization, development, and dispersal.During attachment, free-swimming planktonic cells adhere to a surface, often facilitated by...

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A Platform of Anti-biofilm Assays Suited to the Exploration of Natural Compound Libraries

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Protein-based biofilm matrices in Staphylococci.

Pietro Speziale¹, Giampiero Pietrocola¹, Timothy J Foster²

¹Department of Molecular Medicine, Unit of Biochemistry, University of Pavia Pavia, Italy.

Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology

|December 26, 2014

Summary

Staphylococcal biofilm infections involve numerous surface proteins that mediate bacterial attachment and community development. Targeting these proteins offers potential for new vaccine strategies against device-associated infections.

Keywords:

Staphylococcus biofilm cell wall-anchored proteins extracellular proteins homophilic interactions

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Area of Science:

Microbiology
Infectious Diseases
Biotechnology

Background:

Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis are primary causes of biofilm-associated infections, often linked to indwelling medical devices.
These bacteria form biofilms on host tissues and devices, creating multicellular communities with unique environments.
Biofilms are complex structures involving various macromolecules, including exopolysaccharides, proteins, and extracellular DNA.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the critical role of proteins in the formation of staphylococcal biofilms.
To highlight specific proteins involved in different stages of biofilm development, from initial attachment to matrix formation.
To discuss the potential of protein-dependent biofilm formation as a target for vaccine development.

Main Methods:

Literature review of studies investigating protein contributions to staphylococcal biofilm formation.
Analysis of identified proteins in Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Staphylococcus lugdunensis.
Examination of protein functions in primary attachment, intercellular adhesion, and matrix production.

Main Results:

Multiple staphylococcal surface proteins, including SasC, SasG, ClfB, SdrC, Bap, FnBPA, FnBPB, Aap, Embp, SesC, Eap, Emp, and IsdC, are implicated in biofilm formation.
These proteins contribute to various stages, such as initial attachment to surfaces and the development of intercellular connections and biofilm matrix.
Some proteins, like Eap, Emp, and IsdC, facilitate biofilm formation under specific conditions, such as iron depletion.

Conclusions:

Proteins are essential mediators of staphylococcal biofilm formation, acting at distinct stages of development.
The diverse roles of these proteins present multiple targets for therapeutic intervention.
Developing vaccines targeting protein-dependent biofilm formation could offer a novel strategy to prevent and treat staphylococcal infections.