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Related Concept Videos

Hypoglycemia01:26

Hypoglycemia

2
Hypoglycemia is a blood glucose level below 70 mg/dL. It commonly occurs in individuals using insulin or insulin-secreting drugs, but may also arise in non-diabetic conditions. People with type 1 diabetes are at the highest risk because they depend on exogenous insulin. People with type 2 diabetes are also at risk, especially when treated with insulin or medications such as sulfonylureas, which increase insulin release regardless of blood glucose levels. It develops when insulin levels exceed...
2
Hypoglycemia and Glucagon01:15

Hypoglycemia and Glucagon

1.4K
Without prolonged fasting, healthy individuals maintain blood glucose levels above 3.5 mM due to a well-adapted neuroendocrine counterregulatory system that effectively prevents acute hypoglycemia, a potentially life-threatening condition. The primary clinical scenarios for hypoglycemia encompass diabetes treatment, inappropriate production of endogenous insulin or insulin-like substances by tumors, and the use of glucose-lowering agents in non-diabetic individuals. Notably, hypoglycemia in the...
1.4K
Hyperglycemia01:29

Hyperglycemia

2
Hyperglycemia is an abnormally high blood glucose level. It is diagnosed by fasting glucose ≥126 mg/dL, 2-hour oral glucose tolerance test (or OGTT) ≥200 mg/dL, random glucose ≥200 mg/dL with symptoms, or HbA1c ≥6.5%. However, HbA1c results may be unreliable in certain conditions, such as anemia or hemoglobinopathies, and the diagnosis should be confirmed unless classic symptoms are present. Postprandial hyperglycemia is typically considered significant when glucose...
2
Pathophysiology of Diabetes01:20

Pathophysiology of Diabetes

4.6K
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia. The four categories of diabetes are type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, other specific types of diabetes, and gestational diabetes.
Type 1 diabetes is characterized by autoimmune-mediated destruction of pancreatic β cells, with environmental factors potentially triggering this process in genetically susceptible individuals. Despite many not having a family history, certain genes increase susceptibility,...
4.6K
Glucose Transporters01:27

Glucose Transporters

28.5K
Glucose transporters facilitate the transport of glucose across the cell membrane. In addition to glucose, some glucose transporters can also aid the movement of other hexoses such as fructose, mannose, and galactose.
Facilitated diffusion-glucose transporters (GLUTs) are encoded by the solute-linked carrier (SLC) family 2, subfamily A gene family, or SLC2A. The 14 GLUT protein members are distributed into three classes:
28.5K
Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational01:22

Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational

5.9K
Type 2 diabetes, characterized by insulin resistance, arises when the insulin receptors on cells lose responsiveness to insulin, diminishing the cell's capacity to take up glucose, resulting in elevated blood glucose levels. To receive a diagnosis of Type 2 diabetes, a series of blood glucose tests are necessary to assess whether the blood glucose falls within normal parameters. If the result is out of the normal range, a patient may be diagnosed as prediabetic or diabetic, depending on the...
5.9K

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Related Experiment Video

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Improving IV Insulin Administration in a Community Hospital
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Malaria-associated hypoglycaemia in children.

Lola Madrid1, Miguel Lanaspa, Sónia Amós Maculuve

  • 1Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça (CISM), Rua 12, Cambeve, Vila de Manhiça, CP1929, Maputo, Mozambique.

Expert Review of Anti-Infective Therapy
|December 27, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Hypoglycemia is a common, life-threatening complication in children with malaria, especially in developing nations. Understanding its causes and impact is crucial for improving patient outcomes.

Keywords:
childrencontinuous glucose monitorglucose consumptionglucose homeostasishyperinsulinemiahypoglycemiamalariasublingual glucose

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Global Health

Background:

  • Hypoglycemia is a frequent complication in hospitalized children in developing countries.
  • It is a defining feature of severe malaria, associated with high case fatality rates (CFR).
  • The complication's prevalence may be underestimated due to its often subtle clinical presentation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the existing literature on hypoglycemia in malaria patients.
  • To elucidate the incidence, risk factors, and consequences of this complication.
  • To enhance the understanding of this significant malaria-associated condition.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of published studies.
  • Analysis of data concerning hypoglycemia in malaria patients.
  • Synthesis of information on incidence, risk factors, and outcomes.

Main Results:

  • Hypoglycemia is a common and serious complication of malaria, particularly in pediatric populations in resource-limited settings.
  • The etiology is multifactorial and not fully understood.
  • Routine screening and treatment face challenges due to limited resources in developing countries.

Conclusions:

  • Hypoglycemia is a critical, potentially under-recognized complication of malaria with severe consequences.
  • Further research is needed to fully understand its multifactorial etiology.
  • Improved strategies for screening and management are essential, despite resource limitations in endemic areas.