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Related Concept Videos

Nervous Tissue: Myelin01:25

Nervous Tissue: Myelin

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The myelin sheath is a multilayered lipid and protein covering that insulates the axon of a neuron, enhancing the speed of nerve impulse conduction. Axons without this sheath are referred to as unmyelinated. Two types of neuroglia, Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system (PNS) and oligodendrocytes in the central nervous system (CNS) are responsible for producing myelin sheaths.
Schwann cells begin to form myelin sheaths around axons during fetal development. They wrap around a small...
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Nervous Tissue: Glial Cells01:31

Nervous Tissue: Glial Cells

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Glia, or neuroglia, are vital support cells that assist neurons in their functions. The term "glia" originates from the Greek word for "glue," reflecting their role in holding the nervous system together. These cells can be categorized into six types: four in the central nervous system (CNS) and two in the peripheral nervous system (PNS).
The CNS glial cell includes the astrocytes, the oligodendrocytes, the microglia, and the ependymal cells.
Astrocytes are star-shaped glial...
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Peripheral Nervous System: Ganglia and Nerves01:24

Peripheral Nervous System: Ganglia and Nerves

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The Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) is a crucial component of the body's neural network, extending beyond the central nervous system (CNS) to bridge the gap between the CNS and the external environment. It encompasses nerves, ganglia, and sensory receptors.
Nerves
The nerve is a bundle of axons that serves as the communication highway in the PNS. Each nerve is ensheathed in a protective layer of connective tissue called the epineurium. This outermost layer safeguards the nerve and supports the...
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Nervous Tissue: Neuron Types01:19

Nervous Tissue: Neuron Types

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Neurons, the fundamental units of the nervous system, can be classified based on both their structural and functional characteristics.
Structurally, neurons are categorized into three main types: multipolar, bipolar, and unipolar (or pseudounipolar). Multipolar neurons, which are the most common type in the brain and spinal cord, as well as all motor neurons, possess multiple dendrites and a single axon.
Bipolar neurons, on the other hand, have one primary dendrite and one axon. They are...
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Local Anesthetics: Differential Sensitivity of Nerve Fibers01:24

Local Anesthetics: Differential Sensitivity of Nerve Fibers

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Local anesthetics (LAs) block the sodium channels of nerve trunks, sensory nerve endings, and neuromuscular junctions. Although LAs can block all kinds of nerves, the sensitivity of nerve fibers differs according to nerve types and structures. LAs are known to block myelinated fibers faster than unmyelinated ones. Also, they block pain or sensory neurons at low concentrations without affecting the motor neurons involved in muscle contractions. This helps relieve labor pain without affecting the...
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Neurogenesis and Regeneration of Nervous Tissue01:15

Neurogenesis and Regeneration of Nervous Tissue

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In the CNS, neurogenesis, the birth of new neurons from stem cells, is limited to the hippocampus in adults. In other regions of the brain and spinal cord, neurogenesis is almost non-existent due to inhibitory influences from neuroglia, especially oligodendrocytes, and the absence of growth-stimulating cues. The myelin produced by oligodendrocytes in the CNS inhibits neuronal regeneration. Furthermore, astrocytes proliferate rapidly after neuronal damage, forming scar tissue that physically...
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Author Spotlight: Genetically Engineered Mouse Models and Pathological Characterization of Neurofibromatosis Type 1 Associated Tumors
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[Nerve sheath tumours].

Sophie Le Guellec1

  • 1Département de pathologie, institut universitaire du cancer Toulouse-Oncopole, 1, avenue Irène-Joliot-Curie, 31059 Toulouse cedex 9, France.

Annales De Pathologie
|December 27, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Peripheral nerve sheath tumors (PNSTs) are common. This review updates their classification and diagnosis, incorporating recent clinical, histological, and genomic data for better management.

Keywords:
Malignant peripheral nerve sheat tumorNerf périphériqueNeurofibromaNeurofibromePeripheral nerveSchwannomaSchwannomeTumeur maligne des gaines des nerfs périphériques

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Pathology
  • Genetics

Context:

  • Peripheral nerve sheath tumors (PNSTs) are frequently encountered in clinical practice.
  • While many PNSTs are easily diagnosed, aggressive and malignant variants pose diagnostic challenges.
  • The 2013 WHO Classification of Tumors of Soft Tissue and Bone introduced a dedicated chapter on Nerve Sheath Tumors.

Purpose:

  • To provide an updated overview of benign, intermediate, and malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors.
  • To integrate the latest clinical, histological, immunohistochemical, and genomic data.
  • To reflect advancements from the recent WHO classification of nerve sheath tumors.

Summary:

  • This article reviews peripheral nerve sheath tumors, covering benign, intermediate, and malignant types.
  • It incorporates updated clinical, histological, immunohistochemical, and genomic findings.
  • The review is informed by the latest WHO classification of soft tissue and bone tumors.

Impact:

  • Advances in understanding PNSTs facilitate more accurate diagnosis and classification.
  • New insights from molecular biology are paving the way for targeted therapeutic strategies.
  • Improved diagnostic criteria and emerging therapies aim to enhance patient outcomes for PNSTs.