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Related Concept Videos

Calculations of Electric Potential II01:27

Calculations of Electric Potential II

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An electric dipole is a system of two equal but opposite charges, separated by a fixed distance. This system is used to model many real-world systems, including atomic and molecular interactions. One of these systems is the water molecule, but only under certain circumstances. These circumstances are met inside a microwave oven, where electric fields with alternating directions make the water molecules change orientation. This vibration is equivalent to heat at the molecular level.
Consider a...
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Standard Electrode Potentials03:02

Standard Electrode Potentials

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On comparing the reactivity of silver and lead, it is observed that the two ionic species, Ag+ (aq) and Pb2+ (aq), show a difference in their redox reactivity towards copper: the silver ion undergoes spontaneous reduction, while the lead ion does not. This relative redox activity can be easily quantified in electrochemical cells by a property called cell potential. This property is commonly known as cell voltage in electrochemistry, and it is a measure of the energy which accompanies the charge...
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The Electrical Double Layer01:30

The Electrical Double Layer

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In the region where two bulk phases meet, an intricate electric charge distribution arises due to charge transfer, ion adsorption, molecular orientation, and charge distortion. This complex distribution is commonly referred to as the electrical double layer.When a solid electrode interfaces with ions in an electrolyte solution, the speed of electron transfer dictates the rates of oxidation and reduction. The electrode acquires a charge through the escape of atoms into the solution as cations or...
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Calculations of Electric Potential I01:15

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Consider a ring of radius R with a uniform charge density λ. What will the electric potential be at point M, which is located on the axis of the ring at a distance x from the center of the ring?
The ring is divided into infinitesimal small arcs such that point M is equidistant from all the arcs. Here, the cylindrical coordinate system is used to calculate the electric potential at point M. A general element of the arc between angles θ and θ + dθ is of the length Rdθ and...
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For a system of charges, it is easy to calculate the system's potential because potential is a scalar quantity. However, in some instances where calculating the electric field is more straightforward than finding the potential, the electric field is used to calculate the system's potential. For a positive charge, the electric field is radially outward, and the potential is positive at any finite distance from the positive charge. In such an electric field, the motion away from the...
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The electrode interacts with ions in the electrolyte solution at its interface. The rate of oxidation and reduction depends on the speed at which electrons can transfer through this interface. As ions attach to or leave the electrode surface, the electrode acquires a charge, and an electrical potential forms across the interface, making the process more difficult to reach equilibrium. The charge on the electrode affects the local ion concentrations in the solution, though thermal motion...
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Consistent use of the standard model effective potential.

Anders Andreassen1, William Frost1, Matthew D Schwartz1

  • 1Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA.

Physical Review Letters
|December 27, 2014
PubMed
Summary

The standard model

Area of Science:

  • Particle Physics
  • Cosmology
  • Quantum Field Theory

Background:

  • The stability of the Standard Model relies on the Higgs potential's true minimum.
  • Traditional methods for calculating this minimum are sensitive to gauge parameters and renormalization scales.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a consistent method for determining the absolute stability of the Standard Model.
  • To revise the stability bounds for the Higgs boson and top quark masses.
  • To provide a framework for evaluating new physics effects on stability.

Main Methods:

  • Perturbative calculations of the effective Higgs potential.
  • Gauge-independent and scale-independent analysis.
  • Order-by-order evaluation in perturbation theory.

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Main Results:

  • A novel, consistent method for calculating Higgs potential stability.
  • Revised stability bounds: m(h)(pole) > (129.4 ± 2.3) GeV and m(t)(pole) < (171.2 ± 0.3) GeV.
  • A method to assess new physics impacts without unphysical field values.

Conclusions:

  • The Standard Model's stability can be determined robustly, independent of calculation specifics.
  • The revised mass bounds refine our understanding of the Standard Model's consistency.
  • The framework allows for incorporating potential new physics beyond the Standard Model.