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Simultaneous administration of rhesus rotavirus vaccine and oral poliovirus vaccine: immunogenicity and
1Division of Viral Diseases, Centers for Diseases Control, Atlanta, GA 30333.
Insights
Rhesus rotavirus vaccine (RRV) can be safely co-administered with oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV) and other routine childhood immunizations. This combination does not interfere with the immune response to either vaccine in infants.
Area of Science:
- Pediatrics
- Vaccinology
- Immunology
Background:
- Efficient rotavirus vaccine administration requires integration into routine childhood immunization schedules.
- Potential interference between rotavirus vaccines and other essential infant vaccines, particularly oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV), needs investigation.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of oral rhesus rotavirus vaccine (RRV) when administered alone or concurrently with OPV and diphtheria-tetanus toxoids-pertussis (DTP) in infants.
- To determine if RRV impacts the immune response to OPV.
Main Methods:
- A placebo-controlled randomized trial involving 102 infants aged 2-3 months.
- Infants were assigned to receive RRV with OPV, placebo with OPV, or RRV two weeks after OPV, all with DTP.
- Serum samples were analyzed for antibody responses to poliovirus and RRV.
Main Results:
- No significant difference in poliovirus antibody response rates was observed between RRV and placebo groups.
- A lower rate of poliovirus antibody response was associated with a shorter interval between OPV vaccination and antibody measurement (3 vs. 5 weeks).
- 56% of infants showed an IgA rise and 62% a neutralizing antibody rise to RRV, irrespective of OPV timing.
Conclusions:
- Oral rhesus rotavirus vaccine (RRV) can be safely administered concurrently with oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV) and DTP in infants.
- Co-administration of RRV with OPV does not appear to interfere with the infant immune response to poliovirus.
- RRV is a safe and potentially effective addition to routine infant immunization schedules.
Abstract:
Rotavirus vaccine could be administered most efficiently if it were incorporated into routine childhood immunizations and did not interfere with the immune response to the other vaccines, principally oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV). We conducted a placebo-controlled randomized trial giving oral rhesus rotavirus vaccine (RRV) (strain MMU 18006) alone and together with a child's first dose of OPV and diphtheria-tetanus toxoids-pertussis to examine the possible interaction of these vaccines. A total of 102 infants 2 to 3 months of age were randomized into 3 groups to receive (1) RRV with OPV, (2) placebo with OPV and (3) RRV 2 weeks after OPV. All infants were given diphtheria-tetanus toxoids-pertussis. Serum samples were collected at the time of OPV immunization and 3 to 5 weeks later. Three to 5 weeks after OPV immunization 60% of infants had a 4-fold rise in neutralization titer to at least one of the three poliovirus serotypes. The rate of antibody response to poliovirus did not differ by RRV groups but a lower rate was correlated with a shorter interval (3 vs. 5 weeks) between OPV vaccination and antibody measurement. Fifty-six percent of infants had a 4-fold rise of IgA and 62% had a 4-fold rise of neutralizing antibody to RRV; this rise did not differ according to time of OPV immunization. RRV was not associated with side effects and may be safely given with OPV to infants 2 to 3 months of age.