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Related Concept Videos

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Investigation of Disease Outbreaks

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Multistate foodborne outbreaks pose significant public health risks and require meticulous investigation to identify sources and implement control measures. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) utilizes a dynamic seven-step process for these investigations, integrating data from laboratories, interviews, and environmental assessments to protect public health.Outbreak Detection: The detection of multistate outbreaks typically begins with PulseNet, the CDC's national laboratory...
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In the ever-evolving field of public health, statistical analysis serves as a cornerstone for understanding and managing disease outbreaks. By leveraging various statistical tools, health professionals can predict potential outbreaks, analyze ongoing situations, and devise effective responses to mitigate impact. For that to happen, there are a few possible stages of the analysis:
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Tuberculosis, more commonly referred to as TB, is an infectious disease stemming from Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While it primarily impacts the lungs, TB can also affect other body areas. Given its severity and global impact, timely and accurate diagnosis is crucial for controlling its spread and improving patient outcomes.
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Mumps outbreak and laboratory diagnosis.

Mylène Maillet1, Eric Bouvat2, Nicole Robert2

  • 1Infectious Diseases Department, Grenoble University Hospital, France.

Journal of Clinical Virology : the Official Publication of the Pan American Society for Clinical Virology
|December 28, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Mumps diagnosis in vaccinated individuals is difficult. Real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) is more reliable than serological tests for confirming mumps infection during outbreaks.

Keywords:
Mumps outbreakMumps reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reactionMumps serological testMumps vaccine

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Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Epidemiology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Mumps outbreaks occur in highly vaccinated populations.
  • Serological tests for mumps may be less reliable in vaccinated individuals.
  • Challenges in diagnosing mumps in vaccinated patients necessitate improved diagnostic strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate a mumps outbreak in an engineering school in Grenoble, France.
  • To evaluate the effectiveness of biological testing for mumps diagnosis.
  • To analyze mumps virus genotype during the outbreak.

Main Methods:

  • Case definitions were based on World Health Organization (WHO) criteria.
  • Mumps-specific IgM and IgG were detected using commercially available enzyme immunoassays (EIA).
  • Mumps RNA was detected using real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and genotyping was performed.

Main Results:

  • Sixty-two mumps cases were identified; 20 were biologically explored, with 17 confirmed.
  • A high proportion of patients (85.2%) had received two doses of the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine.
  • RT-PCR confirmed mumps in 83% of cases, while IgM tests were positive or equivocal in only 45%.

Conclusions:

  • Laboratory diagnosis of mumps in highly vaccinated populations presents significant challenges.
  • Serological test results in vaccinated patients require cautious interpretation.
  • RT-PCR testing is recommended for confirming mumps infection, especially early in an outbreak.