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Related Experiment Videos

The "dilution effect" in stallion sperm.

Shelby S Hayden1, Terry L Blanchard2, Steven P Brinsko2

  • 1Heartland Equine Hospital, Tonganoxie, Kansas, USA.

Theriogenology
|December 29, 2014
PubMed
Summary
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Diluting stallion semen to 2.5 × 10^6 sperm/mL initially reduced sperm quality but did not cause further decline during 48 hours of cooled storage. The "dilution effect" on stallion semen is minimal after storage.

Area of Science:

  • Reproductive Biology
  • Animal Science
  • Sperm Cryopreservation

Background:

  • The semen "dilution effect" describes reduced sperm quality at concentrations below 20 × 10^6 sperm/mL.
  • This phenomenon's impact on stallion semen quality during cooled storage remains under-investigated.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To critically evaluate stallion semen quality after dilution to very low concentrations (2.5 × 10^6 sperm/mL).
  • To assess the influence of seminal plasma addition on sperm quality at low concentrations.
  • To determine the stability of sperm quality during 48 hours of cooled storage.

Main Methods:

  • Stallion semen was diluted to 2.5 × 10^6 sperm/mL with 0%, 7.5%, or 25% seminal plasma.
  • Control groups included dilution to 30 × 10^6 sperm/mL and a 3:1 extender:semen ratio.
Keywords:
Dilution effectEquineMotilitySpermViability

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  • Sperm motion characteristics (total motility, progressive motility, velocity, straightness) and plasma membrane integrity were assessed at 0, 24, and 48 hours of cooled storage.

    • Main Results:

    • Initial plasma membrane integrity (PMI) and total motility (TMOT) were highest in the 3:1 extender:semen ratio group.
    • At 24 hours, PMI and TMOT were significantly higher in more concentrated groups (T-30, T-3:1SD) and the 2.5 × 10^6 sperm/mL group with 0% seminal plasma.
    • By 48 hours, no significant differences in PMI or TMOT were observed among the 3:1SD, T-30, and T-2.5/0 groups; however, progressive motility (PMOT) was highest in the T-2.5/0 and T-2.5/7.5 groups.

    Conclusions:

    • Diluting stallion semen to 2.5 × 10^6 sperm/mL resulted in lower initial sperm quality (PMI, TMOT, PMOT).
    • Despite initial reductions, semen quality did not further decline during 48 hours of cooled storage at this low concentration.
    • The negative impact of the semen dilution effect on stallion sperm quality is minimal and less pronounced after cooled storage.