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Louping ill virus (LIV) in the Far East

Galina N Leonova1, Ilya G Kondratov, Olga S Maystrovskaya

  • 1Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Selskaya str., 1, Vladivostok, 690087, Russian Federation, galinaleon41@gmail.com.

Archives of Virology
|December 29, 2014
PubMed

Insights

This study identified three louping ill virus (LIV) strains in the Russian Far East, revealing genetic similarities to British subtypes. These findings suggest a single introduction of LIV to the region over 50 years ago.

Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Genetics
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Louping ill virus (LIV) is an important tick-borne pathogen.
  • Understanding LIV genetic diversity is crucial for disease control.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize novel LIV strains from the Russian Far East.
  • To determine the genetic relationship of these strains to other global LIV isolates.

Main Methods:

  • Isolation and culturing of LIV strains from ticks and human blood.
  • Hemagglutination and neutralization tests.
  • Viral RNA sequencing (5' end and complete genome).
  • Phylogenetic analysis.

Main Results:

  • Three LIV strains (Primorye-155-77, Primorye-20-79, Primorye-185-91) were identified.
  • These strains showed weak reactivity with tick-borne encephalitis virus antiserum.
  • Genetic analysis revealed close relationships to British LIV subtypes, suggesting a common progenitor.
  • The E protein gene of one strain differed from the Negishi strain due to specific amino acid substitutions.

Conclusions:

  • The identified LIV strains belong to the British subtype (LIV-Brit).
  • Evidence supports a single introduction event of LIV into the Far East (Japan and Primorsky Krai) over 50 years ago.

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