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Related Concept Videos

Negative and Cognitive Symptoms of Schizophrenia01:30

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Schizophrenia, a complex psychiatric disorder, has been historically misunderstood. Early psychological theories attributed its origins to childhood trauma and unresponsive parenting. However, contemporary research largely rejects these notions, favoring the vulnerability-stress hypothesis. This model proposes that individuals with a genetic predisposition to schizophrenia may develop the disorder following exposure to significant environmental stressors. Notably, studies on high-risk...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 19, 2026

Measurement of Fronto-limbic Activity Using an Emotional Oddball Task in Children with Familial High Risk for Schizophrenia
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Emotion processing in schizophrenia is state and trait dependent.

Arija Maat1, Simone J T van Montfort2, Jessica de Nijs2

  • 1Department of Psychiatry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 5, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands.

Schizophrenia Research
|December 29, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Emotion processing deficits in schizophrenia are persistent, even during remission. These impairments appear to be both state and trait dependent, impacting patients long-term.

Keywords:
CognitionEmotion processingPsychosisRemissionSchizophreniaSocial cognition

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychiatry
  • Clinical Psychology

Background:

  • Schizophrenia is associated with significant emotion processing (EP) impairments.
  • The state-dependent versus trait-dependent nature of these EP deficits remains unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether emotion processing deficits in schizophrenia are state-dependent or trait-dependent.
  • To examine the longitudinal course of emotion processing in schizophrenia patients with varying levels of symptomatic remission.

Main Methods:

  • Emotion processing was assessed using the degraded facial affect recognition task in 521 schizophrenia patients and 312 healthy controls over a three-year follow-up.
  • Schizophrenia patients were categorized into four groups based on symptomatic remission status at baseline and follow-up.
  • Factorial repeated measures ANCOVA, controlling for age, gender, and general cognition, was used to analyze group differences in EP performance over time.

Main Results:

  • Schizophrenia patients exhibited poorer emotion processing than healthy controls at baseline.
  • Even patients in sustained symptomatic remission (remission at both time points) showed significantly worse emotion processing than controls at follow-up.
  • Significant interactions indicated differential emotion processing trajectories between remission and non-remission groups over time.

Conclusions:

  • Emotion processing deficits are a persistent feature in schizophrenia, present even in symptomatic remission.
  • These findings support the hypothesis that emotion processing impairments in schizophrenia are both state-dependent and trait-dependent.
  • Emotion processing performance is linked to symptomatic remission status in schizophrenia.