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Updated: Apr 19, 2026

Photodynamic Therapy with Blended Conducting Polymer/Fullerene Nanoparticle Photosensitizers
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Functionalized fullerenes in photodynamic therapy.

Ying-Ying Huang, Sulbha K Sharma, Rui Yin

    Journal of Biomedical Nanotechnology
    |December 30, 2014
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    Cationic fullerenes, modified for water solubility, effectively kill cancer cells and microbes. This fullerene-mediated photodynamic therapy shows promise for treating infections and tumors in preclinical models.

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    Area of Science:

    • Nanotechnology
    • Photochemistry
    • Biomedical Engineering

    Background:

    • Fullerenes, particularly C60, possess unique photophysical properties suitable for photodynamic therapy (PDT).
    • The hydrophobicity and insolubility of pristine fullerenes limit their biomedical applications.
    • Functionalization is necessary to enhance solubility and enable biological targeting.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To review the development and application of cationic fullerenes in cancer and microbial treatment.
    • To explore the design, synthesis, and utility of functionalized fullerene cages (C60, C70, C84).
    • To highlight the potential of fullerene-mediated PDT in preclinical settings.

    Main Methods:

    • Functionalization of fullerene cages with cationic quaternary ammonium groups.
    • In vitro studies on cancer cell lines and pathogenic microorganisms.
    • In vivo studies using mouse models for tumor and infection treatment.
    • Synthesis of pyrrolidinium salts, decacationic chains, and light-harvesting antennae.

    Main Results:

    • Cationic fullerenes demonstrate efficacy in destroying cancer cells and pathogenic microbes.
    • Functionalized fullerenes show promise in treating tumors and microbial infections in mouse models.
    • Fullerene-mediated PDT successfully treated bacterial wound infections in mice, preventing mortality.

    Conclusions:

    • Cationic fullerene derivatives are effective photosensitizers for photodynamic therapy.
    • Functionalized fullerenes offer a viable strategy for developing novel cancer and antimicrobial treatments.
    • Fullerene-based PDT presents a promising therapeutic approach for challenging infections and diseases.