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Related Concept Videos

Hepatitis01:25

Hepatitis

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Hepatitis is an inflammatory condition of the liver most commonly caused by hepatotropic viruses (A–E), though non-infectious causes such as alcohol and drugs also exist.Hepatitis AHepatitis A virus (HAV) is a non-enveloped RNA virus of the Picornaviridae family. It is primarily transmitted via the fecal-oral route, typically through ingestion of contaminated food or water. After ingestion, HAV enters the bloodstream through the oropharynx or intestinal epithelium and reaches the liver.
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Viral Hepatitis I: Introduction01:28

Viral Hepatitis I: Introduction

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Viral hepatitis is an inflammatory condition of the liver caused by infection with hepatotropic viruses, most commonly hepatitis A, B, C, D, and E. Despite variations in structure and transmission, all viruses mentioned infect hepatocytes and provoke immune responses that can hinder liver function. Additionally, some non-hepatotropic viruses can also lead to hepatic inflammation.Hepatitis A VirusHepatitis A virus (HAV) is transmitted through the fecal–oral route, typically by ingestion...
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Cytomegalovirus Disease01:27

Cytomegalovirus Disease

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Cytomegalovirus (CMV) disease is caused by human cytomegalovirus, a double-stranded DNA virus of the Herpesviridae family. While primary CMV infection is often asymptomatic in immunocompetent individuals, the virus can cause severe disease in neonates and immunocompromised patients. CMV is the most common cause of congenital viral infection in the United States, and a major pathogen in solid organ and hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients.CMV is transmitted via bodily fluids, sexual...
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Diseases of the Liver and Gallbladder01:26

Diseases of the Liver and Gallbladder

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Liver and gallbladder diseases are a significant health concern, with prominent conditions including cirrhosis, hepatitis, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and gallstones. Jaundice is a common manifestation of liver and biliary disease.
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Viruses with RNA Genomes01:29

Viruses with RNA Genomes

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RNA viruses are categorized into positive-strand, negative-strand, or double-stranded groups based on their genomic structure and replication mechanisms. This classification dictates how they exploit host cellular machinery for protein synthesis and replication. Some RNA viruses also utilize reverse transcription as part of their life cycle, further diversifying their replication strategies.Positive-Strand RNA VirusesPositive-strand RNA viruses have genomes that function directly as messenger...
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Cirrhosis I: Introduction01:23

Cirrhosis I: Introduction

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Cirrhosis is a chronic, irreversible liver disease characterized by the widespread replacement of healthy liver tissue with fibrotic scar tissue and the formation of regenerative nodules.Etiology of cirrhosisCirrhosis results from sustained liver injury that triggers progressive fibrosis and structural remodeling. The underlying causes are diverse, encompassing common and less frequent clinical conditions. Regardless of the origin, all causes lead to chronic inflammation, hepatocyte loss, and...
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Detection of Low Copy Number Integrated Viral DNA Formed by In Vitro Hepatitis B Infection
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Occult hepatitis B virus infection.

Min-Sun Kwak1, Yoon Jun Kim1

  • 1Min-Sun Kwak, Department of Internal Medicine, Healthcare Research Institute, Gangnam Healthcare Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 135-984, South Korea.

World Journal of Hepatology
|December 30, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Occult hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection (OBI) can spread through transfusions and organ transplants. Monitoring and treatment are crucial for immunocompromised patients to prevent HBV reactivation and liver disease progression.

Keywords:
Chronic liver diseaseHepatocellular carcinomaOccult hepatitis B virus infectionReactivationTransmission

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Area of Science:

  • Hepatology
  • Virology
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Occult hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection (OBI) is defined by the presence of HBV DNA without detectable hepatitis B surface antigen.
  • OBI prevalence varies based on HBV endemicity, patient cohorts, and detection methods.
  • Intrahepatic persistence of HBV DNA under immune suppression is a potential cause of OBI.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current understanding of OBI.
  • To highlight the clinical significance and implications of OBI.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of published reports on OBI.
  • Analysis of OBI's prevalence, transmission, and clinical impact.

Main Results:

  • OBI poses risks for transmission via transfusion, transplantation, and dialysis.
  • Reactivation of OBI can cause hepatitis in immunocompromised individuals.
  • OBI may contribute to liver fibrosis progression and hepatocellular carcinoma risk.

Conclusions:

  • OBI has significant clinical implications in transfusion medicine, transplantation, and patient management.
  • Screening, prophylaxis, and monitoring are essential to mitigate OBI-related risks.
  • Further research is needed to fully elucidate OBI's role in hepatocellular carcinoma.