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Telocytes and putative stem cells in ageing human heart.

Laurentiu M Popescu1, Antoanela Curici, Enshi Wang

  • 1Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, 'Carol Davila' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania; Division of Advanced Studies, 'Victor Babeş' National Institute of Pathology, Bucharest, Romania.

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The aging human heart has more interstitial cells and fewer cardiomyocytes than previously thought. Cardiac stem cell numbers decline significantly with age, impacting heart regeneration.

Keywords:
Schwann cellscardiac stem cellscardiomyocytesfibroblastshuman ageing heartlipofuscin granulesmacrophagestelocytes

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Biology
  • Cardiac Histology
  • Regenerative Medicine

Background:

  • Traditional views underestimate non-cardiomyocyte cell populations in the mammalian heart.
  • Accurate quantification of cardiac stem cells (CSCs) during human aging is lacking.
  • Telocytes (TCs) are a recently described cell type with potential roles in cardiac tissue.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify and quantify cell types in the aging human atrial myocardium.
  • To re-evaluate the cellular composition of the heart concerning age.
  • To investigate the distribution of telocytes and cardiac stem cells in relation to age.

Main Methods:

  • Electron microscopy was employed for cell identification and enumeration.
  • Morphometric analysis of human atrial appendages from newborns, children, and adults.
  • Computer-assisted technology was used for quantitative analysis of cellular populations.

Main Results:

  • The interstitial area increases with age, while cardiomyocyte proportion remains high (76-88%).
  • Blood capillary density significantly increases in children and adults compared to newborns.
  • Cardiac stem cell numbers decrease fivefold from newborns to adults, suggesting reduced regenerative capacity.

Conclusions:

  • Cardiac fibroblasts are not the most prevalent interstitial cell type as commonly believed.
  • Telocytes, though numerically small, form a supportive network for cardiac stem cells.
  • The age-related decline in cardiac stem cells likely explains the heart's limited regeneration potential.