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Related Concept Videos

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease II: Clinical Features and Management01:29

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Gastroesophageal reflux disease, or GERD, is a persistent medical condition that affects many individuals worldwide. Its clinical manifestations can vary greatly, making diagnosis and management challenging for healthcare professionals. The following is a comprehensive overview of the clinical manifestations, assessment, and management strategies for GERD.
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Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is the backward flow of stomach contents (acid, pepsin, or bile) into the esophagus, causing mucosal inflammation known as esophagitis. It results from failure of antireflux mechanisms, mainly the lower esophageal sphincter (LES), influenced by mechanical and physiological factors.Etiology and Risk FactorsGERD develops when LES function is weakened or when intra-abdominal pressure increases. Risk factors include aging, obesity, and sliding hiatal hernia,...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 19, 2026

Simultaneous Laryngopharyngeal and Conventional Esophageal pH Monitoring
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Normative values in esophageal high-resolution manometry.

T V K Herregods1, S Roman, P J Kahrilas

  • 1Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.

Neurogastroenterology and Motility
|December 30, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Esophageal high-resolution manometry (HRM) normative values may not apply across all systems. Further studies are needed to establish system-specific thresholds for accurate diagnosis of esophageal motility disorders.

Keywords:
high-resolution manometrynormal valuesreproducibilitysolid-state manometrytechnical aspectswater-perfused manometry

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Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Medical Devices
  • Physiology

Background:

  • Esophageal high-resolution manometry (HRM) is increasingly used globally.
  • The Chicago Classification relies on normative values from a specific HRM system.
  • Validating these values for other HRM systems is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Review available HRM systems and their normative thresholds.
  • Assess factors influencing normative data in esophageal motility disorders.
  • Evaluate the applicability of current thresholds across different HRM systems.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of HRM systems and normative data.
  • Analysis of factors affecting manometric measurements.
  • Assessment of threshold applicability for esophageal motility disorders.

Main Results:

  • Normative data are influenced by HRM system type, demographics, and testing conditions.
  • Current normative data are limited.
  • Broadening normal ranges and system-specific thresholds are suggested.

Conclusions:

  • Existing normative values for esophageal high-resolution manometry may not be universally applicable.
  • System-specific normative thresholds are likely necessary for accurate diagnosis.
  • Further research is needed to establish physiological relevance and system-specific values.