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Related Concept Videos

Somatic to iPS Cell Reprogramming01:29

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Reprogramming alters the gene expression in somatic cells, transforming them into induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells over several generations. Scientists can reprogram cells by introducing genes for four transcription factors—Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc (OSKM) by viral or non-viral methods. These factors are also known as Yamanaka factors after Shinya Yamanaka, who first generated iPS cells using mouse skin cells. Yamanaka was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2012...
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Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells01:06

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Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different cell types. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are terminally differentiated; however, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they dedifferentiate and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are called induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs).
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Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells01:13

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Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different types of cells. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are post-mitotic—that is, they no longer divide. However, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they “de-differentiate” and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are also pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are therefore...
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iPS Cell Differentiation01:22

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The ability of induced pluripotent stem cells or iPSCs to differentiate into most body cell types has stimulated repair and regenerative medicine research over the past few decades. iPSC-derived blood cells, hepatocytes, beta islet cells, cardiomyocytes, neurons, and other cell types can repair injuries or regenerate damaged tissue in diseases such as diabetes and neurodegenerative disorders.
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Embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells are excellent models for disease research because of their ability to self-renew and differentiate into most cell types. Somatic cells from a patient are isolated and reprogrammed into induced pluripotent stem cells or iPSCs. These iPSCs are later differentiated into the desired cell type, which mirrors the diseased cell of the patient. In this way, disease models have been created for investigating diseases such as Down syndrome, type I diabetes,...
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In vitro Modeling for Neurological Diseases using Direct Conversion from Fibroblasts to Neuronal Progenitor Cells and Differentiation into Astrocytes
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Stem cell reprogramming: basic implications and future perspective for movement disorders.

Björn Brändl1, Susanne A Schneider, Jeanne F Loring

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|December 30, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC) offer a promising avenue for studying neurodegenerative diseases. Reprogramming patient cells enables the development of disease models and potential new therapies for movement disorders.

Keywords:
Parkinson's diseasemovement disorderspluripotencyreprogrammingstem cells

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Area of Science:

  • Stem cell biology
  • Neuroscience
  • Regenerative medicine

Background:

  • Human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC) can be generated from patient cells without genomic disruption.
  • Neurodegenerative diseases, particularly movement disorders, involve progressive loss of functional neurons.
  • hiPSCs are valuable tools for disease modeling and drug screening.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advancements in stem cell technologies for movement disorders.
  • To outline reprogramming strategies and differentiation protocols for hiPSCs relevant to movement disorders.
  • To discuss the future impact of these technologies on therapeutic options.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on stem cell reprogramming and differentiation.
  • Focus on hiPSC applications in the context of movement disorders.
  • Analysis of recent discoveries and emerging trends in personalized medicine.

Main Results:

  • hiPSC technology allows epigenetic reprogramming of patient cells.
  • Differentiation protocols are being refined for clinical relevance in movement disorders.
  • Stem cell applications show significant promise for preclinical research and potential therapies.

Conclusions:

  • Stem cell technologies, particularly hiPSCs, hold great promise for understanding and treating movement disorders.
  • Advancements in reprogramming and differentiation are crucial for developing effective regenerative therapies.
  • The integration of basic science and personalized medicine will shape future therapeutic strategies.