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The screening and morbidity pattern of sickle cell anemia in chhattisgarh

Sumanta Panigrahi1, P K Patra2, P K Khodiar2

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, S.V.P.P.G.I.P. and S.C.B. Medical College and Hospital, Cuttack, Odisha India ; A/6, Sishubhaban Campus. Near High Court, Chandini Chowk, Cuttack, Odisha India.

Indian Journal of Hematology & Blood Transfusion : an Official Journal of Indian Society of Hematology and Blood Transfusion
|December 31, 2014
PubMed

Insights

This study screened 15,701 individuals for sickle cell anemia in Chhattisgarh, India. The prevalence of sickle cell trait (HbAS) was 10.6%, and sickle cell disease (HbSS) was 0.66%, with variations observed across age groups.

Area of Science:

  • Medical Science
  • Hematology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Sickle cell anemia is a significant public health concern, particularly in certain regions of India.
  • Understanding the prevalence and clinical profiles of sickle cell disorders is crucial for targeted interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the prevalence of sickle cell anemia in three districts of Chhattisgarh, India.
  • To describe the clinical and hematological profiles of patients with sickle cell disease.

Main Methods:

  • A cross-sectional study involving screening of 15,701 individuals using solubility tests and Hb electrophoresis.
  • High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) was used for further characterization of HbSS and inconclusive cases.
  • Clinical and hematological parameters were compared between vaso-occlusive crises and steady states.

Main Results:

  • The prevalence of sickle cell trait (HbAS) was 10.6% (1,672 individuals) and sickle cell disease (HbSS) was 0.66% (97 individuals).
  • Specific genotypes identified included Hb-S and beta-thalassemia minor (SB+), Hb-S and Hb-E (S/HBE), and Hb-S and Hb-D Punjab (S/HBD).
  • Homozygous patients exhibited decreased Hb, HCT, MCH, and RBC levels during vaso-occlusive crises compared to steady states (p < 0.001).

Conclusions:

  • Sickle cell anemia and trait are prevalent in the studied districts of Chhattisgarh.
  • Clinical manifestations, such as vaso-occlusive crises, are associated with significant hematological changes.
  • Fetal hemoglobin (HbF) levels above 15-20% may correlate with fewer crises, though high HbF can also indicate severe disease.

Keywords:
ChhattisgarhMorbidityScreeningSickle cell anemia

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