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Osmosis and Osmotic Pressure of Solutions

Osmosis and Osmotic Pressure of Solutions

A number of natural and synthetic materials exhibit selective permeation, meaning that only molecules or ions of a certain size, shape, polarity, charge, and so forth, are capable of passing through (permeating) the material. Biological cell membranes provide elegant examples of selective permeation in nature, while dialysis tubing used to remove metabolic wastes from blood is a more simplistic technological example. Regardless of how they may be fabricated, these materials are generally...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 19, 2026

Proof-of-Concept for Gas-Entrapping Membranes Derived from Water-Loving SiO2/Si/SiO2 Wafers for Green Desalination

Proof-of-Concept for Gas-Entrapping Membranes Derived from Water-Loving SiO2/Si/SiO2 Wafers for Green Desalination

Published on: March 1, 2020

Functionalized thermo-responsive microgels for high performance forward osmosis desalination.

Yusak Hartanto¹, Seonho Yun¹, Bo Jin¹

¹School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia.

|December 31, 2014

Summary

Stimuli-responsive microgels enhance forward osmosis (FO) desalination by improving water flux and recovery. A new conductivity method accurately monitors this efficient process for industrial applications.

Keywords:

Desalination Dewatering ability Forward osmosis Microgels On-line conductivity Water flux

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Fabricating Degradable Thermoresponsive Hydrogels on Multiple Length Scales via Reactive Extrusion, Microfluidics, Self-assembly, and Electrospinning

Fabricating Degradable Thermoresponsive Hydrogels on Multiple Length Scales via Reactive Extrusion, Microfluidics, Self-assembly, and Electrospinning

Published on: April 16, 2018

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Last Updated: Apr 19, 2026

Proof-of-Concept for Gas-Entrapping Membranes Derived from Water-Loving SiO2/Si/SiO2 Wafers for Green Desalination

Proof-of-Concept for Gas-Entrapping Membranes Derived from Water-Loving SiO2/Si/SiO2 Wafers for Green Desalination

Published on: March 1, 2020

Synthesis of Hydrogels with Antifouling Properties As Membranes for Water Purification

Synthesis of Hydrogels with Antifouling Properties As Membranes for Water Purification

Published on: April 7, 2017

Fabricating Degradable Thermoresponsive Hydrogels on Multiple Length Scales via Reactive Extrusion, Microfluidics, Self-assembly, and Electrospinning

Fabricating Degradable Thermoresponsive Hydrogels on Multiple Length Scales via Reactive Extrusion, Microfluidics, Self-assembly, and Electrospinning

Published on: April 16, 2018

Area of Science:

Materials Science
Chemical Engineering
Environmental Science

Background:

Stimuli-responsive hydrogels show promise for energy-efficient forward osmosis (FO) desalination.
Existing hydrogels face limitations in water flux and reusability for industrial use.

Purpose of the Study:

To synthesize and evaluate novel co-polymer microgels as draw agents for FO desalination.
To improve water flux and dewatering capabilities in FO systems.
To develop an online monitoring method for FO performance.

Main Methods:

Synthesized N-isopropylacrylamide and acrylic acid co-polymer microgels via surfactant-free emulsion polymerization.
Utilized submicron-size microgels with high surface area and rapid response in a laboratory-scale FO system.
Explored a novel conductivity measurement technique for real-time water flux analysis.

Main Results:

Achieved high water flux of up to 23.8 LMH.
Demonstrated significant water recovery ability of 72.4%.
Validated the accuracy and efficiency of the online conductivity measurement for FO performance evaluation.

Conclusions:

Stimuli-responsive co-polymer microgels are effective draw agents for FO desalination.
The developed microgels offer improved water flux and recovery compared to previous materials.
Online conductivity analysis provides a reliable method for monitoring FO desalination performance.