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Related Concept Videos

Arboviral Encephalitis01:25

Arboviral Encephalitis

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Arboviral encephalitis refers to brain inflammation caused by arthropod-borne viruses, particularly those transmitted through mosquito vectors. Among these, West Nile virus (WNV), a member of the Flaviviridae family, is a significant public health concern. WNV is an enveloped, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA virus. Human infection typically begins when an infected mosquito introduces the virus into the dermis during feeding. The primary transmission cycle involves birds as amplifying hosts...
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Encephalitis is inflammation of the brain parenchyma caused by direct viral invasion or immune-mediated mechanisms triggered by infections or tumors. Both processes lead to neuronal injury, disrupted neurotransmission, and diverse neurological symptoms, often with overlapping clinical and pathological features.Autoimmune EncephalitisIn autoimmune encephalitis, antibodies target neuronal antigens on cell surfaces, synapses, or within neurons. A key example is anti-NMDAR encephalitis, which can...
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A Murine Model of Dengue Virus-induced Acute Viral Encephalitis-like Disease
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Dengue pathogenesis: a disease driven by the host response.

Byron E E Martina1

  • 1Department of Viroscience, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. b.martina@erasmusmc.nl

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Severe dengue disease, including bleeding and shock, is not fully understood. Aberrant immune responses, like cytokine storms influenced by viral and host genetics, likely drive severe dengue pathogenesis and organ failure.

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Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Immunology
  • Pathogenesis

Background:

  • Dengue viruses typically cause mild illness but can lead to severe disease characterized by plasma leakage, hemorrhage, and shock.
  • Severe dengue complications include metabolic acidosis and disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), leading to organ failure.
  • The precise mechanisms underlying severe dengue pathogenesis remain unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the mechanisms driving severe dengue disease.
  • To investigate the role of immune response and host-pathogen interactions in dengue pathogenesis.
  • To explore the contribution of cytokine storms to severe dengue manifestations.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing evidence on dengue virus infection and severe disease.
  • Analysis of factors potentially contributing to vascular hyper-permeability and bleeding.
  • Examination of the role of host immune response, including cytokine profiles and genetic factors.

Main Results:

  • While high viral load may contribute to vascular fragility, disease severity is likely driven by the host's response to infection.
  • Aberrant immune responses, termed "cytokine storms," are implicated in severe dengue.
  • Viral genotype and host genetic background appear to be key factors in initiating cytokine storms.

Conclusions:

  • The host's immune response, particularly cytokine storms, plays a critical role in severe dengue pathogenesis.
  • Cytokines may induce apoptosis and affect endothelial cell junctions, contributing to hemorrhage and plasma leakage.
  • Further in vivo studies are needed to confirm the role of specific cytokines in severe dengue manifestations.