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Updated: Apr 19, 2026

Injectable Supramolecular Polymer-Nanoparticle Hydrogels for Cell and Drug Delivery Applications
Published on: February 7, 2021
Development of a highly stable, nonaqueous glucagon formulation for delivery via infusion pump systems
Brett Newswanger1, Steve Ammons1, Neelima Phadnis1
1Xeris Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Austin, TX, USA.
Abstract:
Despite a vigorous research effort, to date, the development of systems that achieve glucagon stability in aqueous formulations (without reconstitution) has failed to produce any clinical candidates. We have developed a novel, nonaqueous glucagon formulation based on a biocompatible pharmaceutical solvent, dimethyl sulfoxide, which demonstrates excellent physical and chemical stability at relatively high concentrations and at high temperatures. This article reports the development of a novel, biocompatible, nonaqueous native human glucagon formulation for potential use in subcutaneous infusion pump systems. Data are presented that demonstrate physical and chemical stability under presumed storage conditions (>2 years at room temperature) as well as "in use" stability and compatibility in an Insulet's OmniPod(®) infusion pump. Also presented are results of a skin irritation study in a rabbit model and pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics data following pump administration of glucagon in a diabetic swine model. This nonaqueous glucagon formulation is suitable for further clinical development in pump systems.
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