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Related Concept Videos

Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)01:20

Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)

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Two NMR-active nuclei bonded to a central atom can be involved in geminal or two-bond coupling. Geminal coupling is commonly seen between diastereotopic protons in chiral molecules and unsymmetrical alkenes, among others.
The central atom need not be NMR-active because its electrons are affected by the electron polarization of the spin-active atoms. However, spin information is transmitted less effectively than in one-bond coupling, and 2J values are usually weaker than 1J values. The energy of...
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Spin–Spin Coupling: One-Bond Coupling01:17

Spin–Spin Coupling: One-Bond Coupling

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Coupling interactions are strongest between NMR-active nuclei bonded to each other, where spin information can be transmitted directly through the pair of bonding electrons. While nuclei polarize their electrons to the opposite spins, the bonding electron pair has opposite spins. Configurations with antiparallel nuclear spins are expected to be lower in energy. When coupling makes antiparallel states more favorable, J is considered to have a positive value. The one-bond coupling constant, 1J,...
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Spin–Spin Coupling: Three-Bond Coupling (Vicinal Coupling)01:22

Spin–Spin Coupling: Three-Bond Coupling (Vicinal Coupling)

1.7K
Vicinal or three-bond coupling is commonly observed between protons attached to adjacent carbons. Here, nuclear spin information is primarily transferred via electron spin interactions between adjacent C‑H bond orbitals. This generally favors the antiparallel arrangement of spins, so 3J values are usually positive.
The extent of coupling depends on the C‑C bond length, the two H‑C‑C angles, any electron-withdrawing substituents, and the dihedral angle between the...
1.7K
Valence Bond Theory02:42

Valence Bond Theory

11.9K
Coordination compounds and complexes exhibit different colors, geometries, and magnetic behavior, depending on the metal atom/ion and ligands from which they are composed. In an attempt to explain the bonding and structure of coordination complexes, Linus Pauling proposed the valence bond theory, or VBT, using the concepts of hybridization and the overlapping of the atomic orbitals. According to VBT, the central metal atom or ion (Lewis acid) hybridizes to provide empty orbitals of suitable...
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Spin–Spin Coupling Constant: Overview01:08

Spin–Spin Coupling Constant: Overview

1.7K
In bromoethane, the three methyl protons are coupled to the two methylene protons that are three bonds away. In accordance with the n+1 rule, the signal from the methyl protons is split into three peaks with 1:2:1 relative intensities. The methylene protons appear as a quartet, with the relative intensities of 1:3:3:1.
Qualitatively, any spin plus-half nucleus polarizes the spins of its electrons to the minus-half state. Consequently, the paired electron in the hydrogen–carbon bond must...
1.7K
NMR Spectroscopy: Spin–Spin Coupling01:08

NMR Spectroscopy: Spin–Spin Coupling

3.9K
The spin state of an NMR-active nucleus can have a slight effect on its immediate electronic environment. This effect propagates through the intervening bonds and affects the electronic environments of NMR-active nuclei up to three bonds away; occasionally, even farther. This phenomenon is called spin–spin coupling or J-coupling. Coupling interactions are mutual and result in small changes in the absorption frequencies of both nuclei involved. While nuclei of the same element are involved...
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Hybrid spin-crossover nanostructures.

Carlos M Quintero1, Gautier Félix2, Iurii Suleimanov3

  • 1LAAS, CNRS & Université de Toulouse (UPS, INSA, LAES), 7 Av de Colonel Roche, 31077 Toulouse, France.

Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology
|January 1, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers are advancing hybrid spin-crossover materials, like nanoparticles and thin films. These novel materials integrate diverse physical properties with spin-crossover switching for enhanced capabilities.

Keywords:
core–shell particlemultifunctionalitynanomaterialsspin-crossover

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Chemistry
  • Physics

Background:

  • Spin-crossover (SCO) materials exhibit a switchable spin state.
  • Hybrid materials integrate SCO complexes with other components.
  • Recent advancements focus on nanoscale architectures.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review progress in hybrid SCO materials.
  • To cover synthesis, modeling, and applications.
  • To highlight the synergistic combination of properties.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of core-shell nanoparticles.
  • Fabrication of multilayer thin films and nanopatterns.
  • Characterization of hybrid material properties.

Main Results:

  • Hybrid SCO materials demonstrate synergistic property combinations.
  • Nanoscale architectures enable novel functionalities.
  • Applications span optical, magnetic, mechanical, and electrical domains.

Conclusions:

  • Hybrid SCO materials offer unprecedented capabilities.
  • Continued research promises further innovation in functional materials.
  • These materials are key for next-generation devices.