Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Dose Size and Dosing Frequency: Determination Methods01:21

Dose Size and Dosing Frequency: Determination Methods

749
Determining the optimal dose size and dosing frequency in pharmacotherapy is crucial for achieving therapeutic effectiveness while minimizing adverse effects. This article explores the methodologies employed in determining these parameters, focusing on their significance and interplay to tailor dosing regimens.Dose Size: Dose size refers to the amount of a drug administered in a single dose. It is determined based on the drug's pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics properties and...
749
Determination of Multiple Dosing Parameters: Loading and Maintenance Doses01:25

Determination of Multiple Dosing Parameters: Loading and Maintenance Doses

382
A loading dose is an essential pharmacological strategy to rapidly achieve the target plasma drug concentration necessary for an immediate therapeutic effect. This approach is especially critical for drugs characterized by slow absorption or extended half-lives, where delaying therapeutic plasma levels could compromise treatment outcomes. By administering a loading dose, clinicians ensure a prompt onset of drug action, even for agents with complex pharmacokinetic profiles.Achieving steady-state...
382
Dosage Regimens: Designs and Approaches01:28

Dosage Regimens: Designs and Approaches

575
Designing a dosage regimen, which refers to the manner of drug administration, is a complex process involving the selection of drug dose, route, and frequency. This process is underpinned by pharmacokinetic parameters derived from tests and population averages. These parameters are then tailored to patient-specific variables such as diagnosis, demographics, and allergy status. Once therapy commences, therapeutic response monitoring is critical and achieved through clinical and physical...
575
Dose-Response Relationship: Overview01:03

Dose-Response Relationship: Overview

6.2K
Agonists can bind with and activate receptors, resulting in the formation of drug-receptor complexes. Once formed, these complexes catalyze many biochemical processes at the cellular level and subsequently induce a pharmacologic response. The degree of response is directly proportional to the fraction of activated receptors, which in turn, depends on the concentration of the drug at the receptor site as well as the sensitivity of the receptor. An increase in the administered dose contributes to...
6.2K
Dosage Regimen Designs: Nomograms and Tabulations01:23

Dosage Regimen Designs: Nomograms and Tabulations

328
Nomograms and tabulations are vital tools used by clinicians to design accurate and individualized dosage regimens. These instruments provide a straightforward method for adjusting dosages based on individual patient characteristics, including age, weight, and physiological condition. The foundation of a drug's nomogram is population pharmacokinetic data collected and analyzed using specific models. This data simplifies complex equations, presenting them diagrammatically or tabularly for easy...
328
Bioavailability Study Design: Single Versus Multiple Dose Studies01:11

Bioavailability Study Design: Single Versus Multiple Dose Studies

355
Bioavailability studies are essential for understanding how a drug is absorbed, distributed, metabolized, and excreted in the body. These studies assess the extent and rate at which the active pharmaceutical agent becomes available at the site of action. The design of bioavailability studies can involve single-dose or multiple-dose regimens, each with distinct advantages and limitations.Single-dose studies are the preferred approach due to their simplicity and reduced drug exposure for...
355

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Association between ambient air pollution and colorectal cancer risk: The Multiethnic Cohort Study.

Environmental research·2026
Same author

The Multiethnic Cohort: A Resource for the Study of Genetic and Nongenetic Cancer Risk across Populations.

Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology·2026
Same author

The association of epigenetic age acceleration with internal smoking dose, risk of lung cancer, and all-cause mortality in cigarette smokers: the Multiethnic Cohort study.

Clinical epigenetics·2026
Same author

A reanalysis of a genome-wide association study on breast cancer in Asian populations using the SG10K_Health reference panel for imputation: a multi-Centre case-control analysis.

Human molecular genetics·2026
Same author

Racial and ethnic differences in the impact of air pollution on the risk of Alzheimer's disease and related dementias in the Multiethnic Cohort Study.

Environment international·2026
Same author

Exposure to Industrial Air Toxics and Risk of Breast Cancer in California: The Multiethnic Cohort Study.

Journal of occupational and environmental medicine·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 19, 2026

Expedited Radiation Biodosimetry by Automated Dicentric Chromosome Identification ADCI and Dose Estimation
10:33

Expedited Radiation Biodosimetry by Automated Dicentric Chromosome Identification ADCI and Dose Estimation

Published on: September 4, 2017

16.8K

Dose reconstruction for the million worker study: status and guidelines.

André Bouville1, Richard E Toohey, John D Boice

  • 1*National Cancer Institute (retired), 9609 Medical Center Drive, Room 7E590, MSC 9778, Rockville, MD 20850; †M. H. Chew & Associates, Oak Ridge, TN; ‡National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements, Bethesda, MD; §U.S. Department of Energy (retired), New York, NY; **Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; ††Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN; ‡‡Oak Ridge Associated Universities, Oak Ridge, TN; §§International Epidemiology Institute, Rockville, MD; ***Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA; †††Clarksburg, MD; ‡‡‡U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, Washington, DC; §§§University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA; ****U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, Arlington, TX; ††††Risk Assessment Corporation, Neeses, SC; ‡‡‡‡Landauer, Inc., Glenwood, IL; §§§§Southwest Research Institute, Boulder, CO.

Health Physics
|January 1, 2015
PubMed
Summary

The Million Worker Study (MWS) assesses radiation risks from gradual occupational exposures, focusing on cancer mortality and other diseases. Accurate dose reconstruction is crucial for understanding long-term health effects in diverse U.S. worker populations.

More Related Videos

Irradiator Commissioning and Dosimetry for Assessment of LQ α and β Parameters, Radiation Dosing Schema, and in vivo Dose Deposition
06:20

Irradiator Commissioning and Dosimetry for Assessment of LQ α and β Parameters, Radiation Dosing Schema, and in vivo Dose Deposition

Published on: March 11, 2021

7.9K
Characterization of Recombination Effects in a Liquid Ionization Chamber Used for the Dosimetry of a Radiosurgical Accelerator
07:31

Characterization of Recombination Effects in a Liquid Ionization Chamber Used for the Dosimetry of a Radiosurgical Accelerator

Published on: May 9, 2014

12.3K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 19, 2026

Expedited Radiation Biodosimetry by Automated Dicentric Chromosome Identification ADCI and Dose Estimation
10:33

Expedited Radiation Biodosimetry by Automated Dicentric Chromosome Identification ADCI and Dose Estimation

Published on: September 4, 2017

16.8K
Irradiator Commissioning and Dosimetry for Assessment of LQ α and β Parameters, Radiation Dosing Schema, and in vivo Dose Deposition
06:20

Irradiator Commissioning and Dosimetry for Assessment of LQ α and β Parameters, Radiation Dosing Schema, and in vivo Dose Deposition

Published on: March 11, 2021

7.9K
Characterization of Recombination Effects in a Liquid Ionization Chamber Used for the Dosimetry of a Radiosurgical Accelerator
07:31

Characterization of Recombination Effects in a Liquid Ionization Chamber Used for the Dosimetry of a Radiosurgical Accelerator

Published on: May 9, 2014

12.3K

Area of Science:

  • Epidemiology
  • Radiation Dosimetry
  • Occupational Health

Background:

  • The Million Worker Study (MWS) investigates long-term health outcomes in one million U.S. radiation workers and veterans.
  • Existing radiation risk data primarily comes from acute exposures (e.g., atomic bomb survivors), necessitating research on chronic, low-dose exposures.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide scientifically valid information on radiation risk from gradual occupational exposures.
  • To evaluate cancer mortality and other causes of death, including cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.
  • To establish accurate organ-specific radiation absorbed dose estimates with uncertainty analysis for epidemiological studies.

Main Methods:

  • Epidemiologic study of one million U.S. radiation workers and veterans.
  • Development and validation of dose reconstruction approaches for diverse exposure scenarios.
  • Internal and external radiation dosimetry assessments, including radionuclide intake evaluations.
  • Establishment of Scientific Committee 6-9 by the National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements (NCRP) to guide dosimetry.

Main Results:

  • The study addresses diverse exposure scenarios across various occupational groups (e.g., DOE workers, nuclear power plant workers, medical radiation workers).
  • Challenges in dosimetry include diverse exposure histories, varying time periods (up to 70 years), and the need to assess both penetrating radiation and radionuclide intakes.
  • Guidelines are being developed for calculating annual absorbed doses, separating radiation types, evaluating uncertainties, and ensuring quality assurance.

Conclusions:

  • The MWS is a complex, ongoing study critical for understanding radiation risks from chronic occupational exposures.
  • The validity of dose reconstruction is paramount for accurate epidemiological findings.
  • The NCRP dosimetry report will provide essential guidelines for the MWS, ensuring comprehensive organ dose assessment and uncertainty analysis.