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Related Concept Videos

Supercritical Fluid Chromatography01:18

Supercritical Fluid Chromatography

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Supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) provides a beneficial substitute for gas chromatography (GC) and liquid chromatography (LC) for certain samples because it merges the top attributes of both techniques. SFC allows the separation and analysis of compounds that GC or LC does not easily manage. These compounds are traditionally nonvolatile or thermally unstable, making GC unsuitable and lacking functional groups required for HPLC analysis.
SFC utilizes a supercritical fluid mobile phase,...
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High-Performance Liquid Chromatography: Instrumentation00:57

High-Performance Liquid Chromatography: Instrumentation

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High-performance liquid chromatography, or HPLC, is an analytical technique that separates liquid samples under high pressures. An HPLC instrument consists of glass bottles for storing solvents called mobile phase reservoirs. HPLC-grade solvents are used to maintain high purity, and the dissolved gases are removed using a degasser, such as a vacuum pumping system or sparging with helium. The solvents are then pumped into the analytical column using a screw-driven syringe or reciprocating pumps.
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Principles Of Column Chromatography01:13

Principles Of Column Chromatography

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The chromatography technique was first invented in 1901 by Michael S. Tswett, a Russian botanist, to separate plant pigments using organic solvents. Further, in 1941, Archer John Porter Martin and R. L. M. Synge modified the technique by packing silica gel into a column. A mixture of amino acids was then separated on the packed column using chloroform and water mixture as the mobile phase. This was the first report on column chromatography. At present, column chromatography is a widely used...
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High-Performance Liquid Chromatography: Introduction01:11

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High-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC), formerly referred to as High-pressure liquid chromatography, is a powerful technique used to separate, identify, and quantify components in complex mixtures. The term "high pressure" refers to using high pressure to push the liquid mobile phase through the tightly packed columns.
In HPLC, two phases play a critical role in the separation process:
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Optimizing Chromatographic Separations01:15

Optimizing Chromatographic Separations

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Optimizing chromatographic separations is crucial for obtaining clean separations in a minimum amount of time. Optimization is required for several factors, including kinetic effects related to band broadening, plate height, capacity factor, and separation factor.
Band broadening refers to spreading solute bands as they travel through the column. This broadening can impact resolution. Plate height (H) represents the length required for one theoretical plate. A lower plate height corresponds to...
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High-Performance Liquid Chromatography: Elution Process01:05

High-Performance Liquid Chromatography: Elution Process

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In High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), the elution process is critical to the separation of analytes and the quality of chromatographic results. Elution describes how compounds move through the column and separate based on their interactions with the mobile and stationary phases. This process determines the resolution, peak shape, and retention times in the chromatogram, which are essential for identifying and quantifying components in complex mixtures. Understanding the elution...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 19, 2026

Simple In-House Ultra-High Performance Capillary Column Manufacturing with the FlashPack Approach
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Supercritical fluid chromatography and scale up study.

Miha Oman, Petra Kotnik, Mojca Škerget

    Acta Chimica Slovenica
    |January 1, 2015
    PubMed
    Summary

    This study details how process parameters affect supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) for preparative scale separations. Findings guide optimizing SFC methods for model compounds and scaling up operations.

    Area of Science:

    • Analytical Chemistry
    • Chromatography Science

    Background:

    • Supercritical Fluid Chromatography (SFC) is a powerful separation technique.
    • Scaling up SFC from analytical to preparative scale presents challenges.
    • Optimizing process parameters is crucial for efficient preparative SFC.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the influence of process parameters on supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) separations.
    • To evaluate the scaling-up of SFC from analytical to preparative scale.
    • To demonstrate the operation of a pilot preparative to production scale SFC apparatus.

    Main Methods:

    • Model compounds (caffeine and theophylline) were separated using SFC.
    • Experiments were conducted on analytical and pilot preparative scale SFC apparatus.

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  • Varied parameters included pressure, temperature, modifier type/concentration, and stationary phase (bare silica, silica 2-ethylpyridine).
  • Mobile phases consisted of CO(2)/methanol or CO(2)/ethanol.

    • Main Results:

    • Process parameters significantly influence SFC separation efficiency.
    • Analytical scale observations were successfully applied for scaling up to preparative scale.
    • Demonstrated feasibility of operating a large-scale pilot preparative SFC system.

    Conclusions:

    • Optimized process parameters enhance SFC separation of model compounds.
    • The study provides a practical framework for scaling up SFC methods.
    • Successful operation of pilot preparative SFC validates the scaling approach for production.