[Exosomal intercellular communication system and its role in the process of metastatic dissemination]

Metabolism and information between cells is the basis of the existence of any multicellular organism. Malfunction of the intercellular communication play an important and sometimes decisive role in the pathogenesis of the most diseases, including cancer. According to traditional views, functional integration of individual cells in tissues, organs and organ systems is mediated by the efficient work of regulatory systems: nervous, immune, endocrine. Over the past few years the attention of scientists is attracted the ability of cells to "communicate" with the help of nanoscale vesicular formations, or so-called exosomes. There are accumulated data that the cells of the most tissues secrete exosomes into the intercellular environment, after which, by means of stream of blood or lymph, exosomes transferred to anatomically distant sites where they are accepted by the other cells. It is showed that the content of exosomes are not random and that vesicular transport may be targeted and to play a significant physiological and even "pathophysiological" role. The aim of this review is the analysis and integration of modern scientific data on the role of exosomes in the process of tumor progression and presentation of possible ways and methods of using these data in the practice of oncology.