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Enterovirus D68: a clinically important respiratory enterovirus.

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In 2014, enterovirus D68 (EV-D68) caused a surge in severe respiratory illness and asthma hospitalizations among children. This outbreak also revealed a potential link between EV-D68 and polio-like paralysis and cranial nerve issues.

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Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Pediatric Respiratory Illnesses
  • Neurology

Background:

  • Viral respiratory illnesses commonly peak in late summer and early fall, often linked to human rhinovirus.
  • A significant increase in pediatric hospitalizations for severe lower respiratory symptoms and asthma occurred in fall 2014.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the cause of the increased pediatric hospitalizations during the fall 2014 outbreak.
  • To identify the specific viral agent responsible for the severe respiratory and neurological symptoms observed in children.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized sequencing technology to identify the causative pathogen in hospitalized children.
  • Observed and documented clinical presentations and outcomes during the outbreak.

Main Results:

  • Enterovirus D68 (EV-D68) was identified as the cause of the outbreak through sequencing.
  • A correlation was noted between EV-D68 infection and severe respiratory distress, asthma exacerbations, and new-onset polio-like acute flaccid paralysis and cranial neuropathy in children.

Conclusions:

  • Enterovirus D68 (EV-D68) was the primary driver of the 2014 surge in pediatric respiratory illnesses and asthma hospitalizations.
  • EV-D68 infection is associated with serious neurological complications, including acute flaccid paralysis and cranial neuropathy, in affected children.