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Related Concept Videos

Appendicitis-I: Introduction01:22

Appendicitis-I: Introduction

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The appendix, a small, narrow, blind tube extending from the inferior part of the cecum, is widely regarded as a vestigial organ, having lost much of its original function through evolution. Despite its diminished role, the appendix can become inflamed, a condition known as appendicitis.
Etiology: Appendicitis can arise from various causes, primarily rooted in the obstruction of the appendix lumen. Factors contributing to this obstruction include fecal accumulation, lymphoid hyperplasia and, in...
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Appendicitis01:19

Appendicitis

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Appendicitis is an acute inflammatory condition of the vermiform appendix, most commonly caused by obstruction of its lumen. The appendix is a narrow, blind-ended pouch that extends from the cecum, making it particularly prone to obstruction. Causes include fecaliths, lymphoid hyperplasia (often after viral infections), parasites, tumors, or foreign bodies. This obstruction initiates a cascade of pathological changes.Luminal Obstruction and Early InflammationAfter obstruction, normal mucosal...
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Acute Pancreatitis I: Introduction01:25

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Acute pancreatitis is the sudden inflammation of the pancreas caused by the early activation of digestive enzymes, leading to the autodigestion of pancreatic tissue. This results in local inflammation and, in severe cases, systemic complications.EtiologyUnderstanding the underlying causes is crucial, as identifying the etiology guides treatment and anticipates complications. Acute pancreatitis can be triggered by various factors, typically grouped into the following clinical categories.Biliary...
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Acute Pancreatitis I: Introduction01:27

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Pancreatitis is inflammation of the pancreas, an organ located behind the stomach. It can be either acute or chronic.
Acute pancreatitis is characterized by rapid inflammation of the pancreas, often caused by factors like gallstone blockage or excessive alcohol consumption. Chronic pancreatitis, on the other hand, is a slow, progressive inflammation that may result from long-term alcohol abuse, obstructions in the pancreatic duct, or genetic factors.
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Intestinal Obstruction II: Pathophysiology01:07

Intestinal Obstruction II: Pathophysiology

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Intestinal obstruction triggers a series of physiological responses, starting with gas and fluid accumulation in the bowel segment proximal to the obstruction, leading to distension. This distended intestine compresses the diaphragm, hindering lung expansion and potentially leading to reduced respiratory effort, atelectasis, and pneumonia.To overcome the blockage, the gut intensifies contractions, causing colicky abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting, which reduces fluid and food intake and...
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Acute Pancreatitis II: Clinical Manifestations and Management01:30

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Acute pancreatitis presents a complex medical emergency characterized by rapid onset inflammation of the pancreas, demanding timely diagnosis and management to prevent complications. The condition primarily manifests through severe upper abdominal pain that often radiates to the back. This pain intensifies following the consumption of fatty foods. Accompanying symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, abdominal distention, fever, dyspnea, cyanosis, and jaundice can vary in intensity but significantly...
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Related Experiment Video

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Mouse Model of Surgical Uterine Injury and Subsequent Pregnancy Outcomes
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Second trimester placenta percreta presenting as acute abdomen.

Lauren Dew1, Steven Harris1, Nicole Yost1

  • 1Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (Dew, Harris), Division of Maternal and Fetal Medicine (Yost, Magee), and Department of Radiology (dePrisco), Baylor University Medical Center at Dallas.

Proceedings (Baylor University. Medical Center)
|January 2, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Diagnosing placenta percreta is challenging, as illustrated by a case where ultrasound and MRI findings conflicted. This rare condition, placenta percreta, was confirmed after a uterine rupture during delivery.

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Area of Science:

  • Obstetrics and Gynecology
  • Maternal-Fetal Medicine
  • Diagnostic Imaging

Background:

  • Placenta percreta, a rare placental abnormality, poses significant diagnostic and management challenges.
  • Early and accurate diagnosis is crucial for preventing severe maternal morbidity.

Observation:

  • A 41-year-old woman at 21 weeks' gestation presented with intraabdominal bleeding.
  • Initial ultrasound showed no placental abnormality, complicating diagnosis.
  • Discrepancies between ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings hindered definitive diagnosis.

Findings:

  • The patient experienced spontaneous resolution of bleeding after transfusion and was hospitalized.
  • Delivery occurred via scheduled cesarean at 34 weeks' gestation.
  • Complete uterine fundal rupture occurred during delivery, confirming placenta percreta histologically.

Implications:

  • This case highlights the diagnostic difficulties in placenta percreta, even with advanced imaging.
  • It underscores the importance of considering placenta percreta in cases of unexplained bleeding.
  • Management requires a high index of suspicion and multidisciplinary care to ensure maternal safety.