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Bystander Effect02:09

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The discussion of bullying highlights the problem of witnesses not intervening to help a victim. This is a common occurrence, as the following well-publicized event demonstrates. In 1964, in Queens, New York, a 19-year-old woman named Kitty Genovese was attacked by a person with a knife near the back entrance to her apartment building and again in the hallway inside her apartment building. When the attack occurred, she screamed for help numerous times and eventually died from her stab wounds.
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When light of a particular wavelength strikes a metal surface, electrons are emitted. This is called the photoelectric effect. The minimum frequency of light that can cause such emission of electrons is called the threshold frequency, which is specific to the metal. Light with a frequency lower than the threshold frequency, even if it is of high intensity, cannot initiate the emission of electrons. However, when the frequency is higher than the threshold value, the number of electrons ejected...
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At the molecular level, visual signals trigger transformations in photopigment molecules, resulting in changes in the photoreceptor cell's membrane potential. The photon's energy level is denoted by its wavelength, with each specific wavelength of visible light associated with a distinct color. The spectral range of visible light, classified as electromagnetic radiation, spans from 380 to 720 nm. Electromagnetic radiation wavelengths exceeding 720 nm fall under the infrared category,...
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Bacterial signaling can occur within bacteria (intracellular) or between bacteria (intercellular). At times, a group of bacteria behaves like a community. To achieve this, they engage in quorum sensing, the perception of higher cell density that causes changes in gene expression. Quorum sensing involves both extracellular and intracellular signaling. The signaling cascade starts with a molecule called an autoinducer (AI). Individual bacteria produce AIs that move out of the bacterial cell...
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All radioactive nuclides emit high-energy particles or electromagnetic waves. When this radiation encounters living cells, it can cause heating, break chemical bonds, or ionize molecules. The most serious biological damage results when these radioactive emissions fragment or ionize molecules. For example, α and β particles emitted from nuclear decay reactions possess much higher energies than ordinary chemical bond energies. When these particles strike and penetrate matter, they...
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Key Elements of Photo Attraction Bioassay for Insect Studies or Monitoring Programs
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Speculations about Bystander and Biophotons.

Charles L Sanders1

  • 1Retired Professor in Nuclear Engineering/Radiobiology.

Dose-Response : a Publication of International Hormesis Society
|January 2, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Cells communicate using biophotons, which are ultra-weak electromagnetic waves originating from DNA. This discovery may explain the bystander effect and has significant implications for understanding biological communication.

Area of Science:

  • Cellular biology
  • Biophysics
  • Quantum biology

Background:

  • Cellular communication is crucial for biological processes.
  • The bystander effect, where cells not directly affected by a stimulus respond, requires explanation.
  • Ultra-weak photon emissions (biophotons) have been observed in biological systems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the role of biophotons in cellular communication.
  • To investigate if biophotons can explain the bystander phenomena.
  • To understand the origin and data-carrying capacity of biophotons.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing research on biophotons and cellular communication.
  • Analysis of studies demonstrating electromagnetic wave interactions in biological systems.
Keywords:
biphotonsbystandercelllight

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  • Theoretical exploration of biophoton coherence and data transmission.

    • Main Results:

    • Biophotons are coherent electromagnetic waves emitted by cells.
    • Biophotons appear to originate and concentrate within the cell nucleus's DNA.
    • These photons rapidly transmit substantial data between cells.

    Conclusions:

    • Biophotons represent a significant mechanism for intercellular communication.
    • The biophoton communication system may underlie the bystander effect.
    • Further research into biophotons could reveal profound biological insights.