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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 19, 2026

A Procedure to Study Stress-Induced Relapse of Heroin Seeking after Punishment-Imposed Abstinence
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Relapse Model among Iranian Drug Users: A Qualitative Study.

Amir Jalali1, Naiemeh Seyedfatemi2, Hamid Peyrovi3

  • 1Department of Psychiatric Nursing, Nursing and Midwifery College, Substance Abuse Prevention Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran;

International Journal of Community Based Nursing and Midwifery
|January 2, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Understanding drug relapse is crucial for rehabilitation. This study models the dynamic relapse process in Iranian drug users, highlighting factors like mental challenges and a core feeling of loss, to improve treatment effectiveness.

Keywords:
Drug UsersGrounded TheoryIranian Drug UserRelapse Model

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Area of Science:

  • Addiction research
  • Psychology
  • Public health

Background:

  • Relapse is a significant challenge in drug user rehabilitation programs nationwide.
  • Patient experiences offer insights into the complex drug relapse process.
  • This study aims to develop a relapse model specific to Iranian drug users.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore and model the drug relapse process among Iranian drug users.
  • To identify key factors influencing relapse.
  • To provide a framework for understanding and managing relapse.

Main Methods:

  • Qualitative study employing a grounded theory approach.
  • Purposive, snowball, and theoretical sampling used to select 22 participants.
  • Data collected through in-depth, semi-structured interviews and analyzed using coding methods.

Main Results:

  • Nine emergent categories include drug avoidance, social acceptance concerns, family and social conditions, mental challenges (pleasure, craving), self-management, self-deception, use and remorse.
  • A core variable identified as 'feeling of loss' influences the relapse process.
  • A dynamic, systematic relapse model was developed, progressing from avoidance to remorse.

Conclusions:

  • The drug relapse process is dynamic and requires effective management strategies.
  • A clear conceptual model of relapse can aid clinical interventions.
  • This research provides a conceptual model of the relapse process in Iranian drug users.