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Related Concept Videos

Forces Acting on Chromosomes02:11

Forces Acting on Chromosomes

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During mitosis, chromosome movements occur through the interplay of multiple piconewton level forces. In prometaphase, these forces help in chromosome assembly or congression at the equatorial plane, eventually leading to their alignment at the metaphase plate. The forces acting on the chromosomes are space and time-dependent; therefore, they vary with the position of the chromosomes as the cell progresses through mitosis. 
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Elastic Strain Energy for Shearing Stresses01:20

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As discussed in previous lessons, strain energy in a material is the energy stored when it is elastically deformed, a concept crucial in materials science and mechanical engineering. This energy results from the internal work done against the cohesive forces within the material. When a material undergoes shearing stress and corresponding shearing strain, the strain energy density, which is the energy stored per unit volume, is calculated. Within the elastic limit, where the stress is...
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Elastic Strain Energy for Normal Stresses01:22

Elastic Strain Energy for Normal Stresses

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Strain energy quantifies the energy stored within a material due to deformation under loading conditions, a fundamental concept in materials science and engineering. The strain energy can be modeled when a material is subjected to axial loading with uniformly distributed stress. In this scenario, the stress experienced by the material is the internal force divided by the cross-sectional area, and the strain induced is directly proportional to this stress through the modulus of elasticity.
If...
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Plastic Behavior01:21

Plastic Behavior

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A material's elastic behavior is characterized by the disappearance of stress once the load is removed, allowing the material to return to its original state. However, when stress surpasses the yield point, yielding commences, marking the onset of plastic deformation or permanent set. This change from elastic to plastic behavior is influenced by the peak stress value and the duration before the load is removed. An intriguing observation occurs when a specimen is loaded, unloaded, and...
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Relation between Poisson's ratio, Modulus of Elasticity and Modulus of Rigidity01:15

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Deformation occurs in axial and transverse directions when an axial load is applied to a slender bar. This deformation impacts the cubic element within the bar, transforming it into either a rectangular parallelepiped or a rhombus, contingent on its orientation. This transformation process induces shearing strain. Axial loading elicits both shearing and normal strains. Applying an axial load instigates equal normal and shearing stresses on elements oriented at a 45° angle to the load axis.
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Sample Preparation in Quartz Crystal Microbalance Measurements of Protein Adsorption and Polymer Mechanics
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Viscoelasticity of model interphase chromosomes.

Manon Valet1, Angelo Rosa2

  • 1Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, 46 Allée d'Italie, 69634 Lyon Cedex 07, France.

The Journal of Chemical Physics
|January 3, 2015
PubMed
Summary

This study reveals how interphase chromosomes behave like a complex fluid, with particle movement deviating from standard physics. Chromatin

Area of Science:

  • Biophysics
  • Molecular Biology
  • Polymer Physics

Background:

  • Interphase chromosomes exhibit complex viscoelastic properties.
  • Understanding chromatin dynamics is crucial for gene regulation and nuclear organization.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the viscoelastic response of model interphase chromosomes.
  • To characterize particle diffusion and viscosity within the chromatin environment.
  • To determine the elastic and viscous moduli of interphase chromosomes.

Main Methods:

  • Tracking the 3D motion of hundreds of dispersed Brownian particles of varying sizes.
  • Analyzing particle diffusion coefficients and experienced viscosity.
  • Calculating elastic and viscous moduli using the relationship between mean-square displacement and complex shear modulus.

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Main Results:

  • Particle diffusion and viscosity deviate from the Stokes-Einstein relation, aligning with polymer solution theories.
  • Large particles exhibit temporary "caging" by chromatin, forming effective domains that match experimental observations.
  • Elastic and viscous moduli of interphase chromosomes were successfully calculated.

Conclusions:

  • Interphase chromosomes display viscoelastic behavior consistent with polymer solutions.
  • Chromatin's spatial constraints create transient domains influencing particle dynamics.
  • This study provides quantitative insights into the mechanical properties of the genome's packaging.