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Glaucoma is an eye condition characterized by increased intraocular pressure that damages the retina and optic nerve, leading to irreversible blindness if left untreated. The human eye has various components, including the cornea, iris, pupil, lens, and optic nerve. Aqueous humor is secreted by the epithelium of the ciliary body in the posterior chamber and flows through the trabecular meshwork and canal of Schlemm, maintaining normal intraocular pressure. The trabecular meshwork and the canal...
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In open-angle glaucoma, the iridocorneal angle remains open, but the trabecular meshwork becomes stiff, slowing down the outflow of aqueous humor. This causes a buildup of aqueous humor in the anterior chamber, leading to a sudden increase in intraocular pressure. The treatment for open-angle glaucoma focuses on reducing the elevated intraocular pressure by either decreasing the secretion of aqueous humor or increasing its outflow.
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At the molecular level, visual signals trigger transformations in photopigment molecules, resulting in changes in the photoreceptor cell's membrane potential. The photon's energy level is denoted by its wavelength, with each specific wavelength of visible light associated with a distinct color. The spectral range of visible light, classified as electromagnetic radiation, spans from 380 to 720 nm. Electromagnetic radiation wavelengths exceeding 720 nm fall under the infrared category,...
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Glaucoma, active component, U.S. Armed Forces, 1998-2013.

Lee Hurt

    MSMR
    |January 3, 2015
    PubMed
    Summary

    Glaucoma, an irreversible optic nerve disease, affected over 117,000 service members between 1998-2013. Incidence rates declined overall, but increased in younger individuals, highlighting a need for targeted prevention.

    Area of Science:

    • Ophthalmology
    • Public Health
    • Military Medicine

    Background:

    • Glaucoma is a leading cause of irreversible blindness.
    • Early detection and treatment are crucial for managing glaucoma.
    • Military populations represent a unique demographic for studying disease incidence.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To analyze the incidence and trends of glaucoma diagnoses in active component US service members.
    • To identify demographic and temporal patterns in glaucoma development within this population.
    • To understand the progression of glaucoma from early-stage diagnoses.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilized the Defense Medical Surveillance System (DMSS) database.
    • Analyzed incident glaucoma diagnoses from 1998 to 2013.

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  • Calculated incidence rates per 1,000 person-years and examined demographic and age-related trends.

    • Main Results:

    • Identified 117,075 incident glaucoma cases with an overall rate of 5.3 per 1,000 person-years.
    • Most cases (94.5%) were diagnosed as borderline glaucoma; 5.9% progressed to open-angle glaucoma.
    • Higher rates observed in Black, Asian, and Hispanic service members, and in females. Incidence declined in older adults but rose in those under 30.

    Conclusions:

    • Glaucoma incidence in service members showed a complex pattern with demographic disparities.
    • A significant decline in older service members contrasts with a slight increase in younger individuals.
    • Findings underscore the importance of continued surveillance and targeted interventions for glaucoma prevention and management in military personnel.